Abstract
Unit operations (UO) for urban water clarification are commonly implemented for management of particulate matter (PM), PM-associated chemicals, and microbial species, primarily through sedimentation. In this study, an Eulerian-equilibrium Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate the transport and fate of dilute PM suspensions in UO clarification systems. PM sedimentation and resuspension are considered with PM bed boundary conditions. For these simulations, two Robin boundary conditions are proposed for the capacity-limited resuspension (no-flux condition) of the PM bed layer and nonequilibrium sedimentation conditions. The applicability of the numerical model to PM transport is tested through four case-study databases including two laboratory flumes and two full-scale commercial UO systems designed for PM sedimentation. The numerical implementation of the proposed model is based on an open-source C++ framework. The detailed numerical structure of the model is given. For PM sedimentation with no resuspension, the numerical and physical models of PM separation are in excellent agreement for these systems. For PM resuspension, numerical and physical models of eluted PM concentration as a function of hydraulic stress (flow rate) and PM gradation are in good agreement. The numerical and mechanistic robustness of the proposed model represents an improvement compared with a representative Lagrangian particle method of previous studies. The proposed model can be implemented for design iterations and regulatory certification of UO clarification systems.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and numerical implementations generated or used during the study appear in the published article. Further information on the model development, boundary conditions, and numerical structure are available in the Supplemental Data.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 3 • March 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 30, 2018
Accepted: Jul 18, 2019
Published online: Dec 17, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 17, 2020
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Computational fluid dynamics technique
- Computer models
- Engineering fundamentals
- Environmental engineering
- Fluid dynamics
- Fluid mechanics
- Hydrologic engineering
- Methodology (by type)
- Models (by type)
- Municipal water
- Numerical methods
- Numerical models
- Particle pollution
- Physical models
- Pollution
- River engineering
- Sediment
- Water (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water management
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