Inactivation of MS2 Bacteriophage and Adenovirus with Silver and Copper in Solution and Embedded in Ceramic Water Filters
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 3
Abstract
This study investigates the inactivation of adenovirus by silver and copper in aqueous solution, compares silver and copper disinfection of adenovirus to the MS2 phage, and quantifies MS2 transport through porous ceramic filters fabricated with silver nitrate and copper nitrate added prior to firing the clay-sawdust-water mixture. The MS2 phage is commonly used as a model virus for testing the efficacy of point-of-use water treatment technologies. However, results show that MS2 phage is not a representative virus, specifically as a surrogate for silver ion inactivation of viruses. At safe drinking water concentrations, after 8 h of exposure, silver and copper resulted in a 0.91- and reduction of viable adenovirus, respectively. Under the same conditions, silver and copper resulted in a 0.42- and reduction of viable MS-2 phage, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images suggest the mechanism of adenovirus inactivation may be related to damage/removal of the viral fibers. Removal of MS2 phage by ceramic water filters is modest, 71.95% and 75.98% by silver- and copper-embedded filters, respectively. These results indicate that ionic silver is a better viral disinfectant than previously known based on data for the MS2 phage alone and that copper, both alone and in combination with silver, may further improve viral disinfection.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. B. Ganser-Pornillos for her assistance in TEM imaging. Research support was provided in part by the Myles H. Thaler Center for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Human Retrovirus Research, and salary support for David Rekosh and Marie-Louise Hammarskjold was provided by the Myles H. Thaler and Charles Ross Jr. Professorships at the University of Virginia. This project was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Award Number Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems (CBET 1438619) and the Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Award No. D43 TW009359. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of FIC, NIH, NSF, or the United States Government.
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 3 • March 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 27, 2018
Accepted: Jun 12, 2019
Published online: Dec 27, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 27, 2020
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