Linking Cross Contamination of Domestic Water with Storage Practices at the Point of Use in Urban Areas of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 5
Abstract
In this study, water samples from 123 households were collected from the point of collection (POC) to the point of use (POU) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The objectives were to assess water collection and storage practices at the household level and to determine how water becomes contaminated. Household interviews revealed three main mixing combinations used in households: (1) city water with well water (CW); (2) water purchased from vendors with city water (VC); and (3) city, vendor, and well water (WVC). The quality of city water at the POC was deemed excellent (low water quality index), whereas it diminished at the POU for all water sources. Statistical analysis showed that the main reason for mixing well water with city water was to dilute the well water’s salty taste (). It was found that the practice of mixing all three water sources was due insufficient storage containers (). These impairments to water quality require an integrated response that combines hygiene education and improvements to water storage, water treatment, and regulation of vendors.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Environmental Science and Policy Program (ESPP) and the Miriam J. Kelley African Scholarship Grant Program at Michigan State University for financial support. Special thanks to the Michigan State University Center for Statistical Training and Consulting (CSTAT) for their assistance with our statistical analysis.
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 5 • May 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 13, 2018
Accepted: Oct 18, 2018
Published online: Mar 6, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Aug 6, 2019
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