Effect of Aging and Wet-Dry Cycles on the Elimination of the Bioavailable Fractions of Cu and Zn in Contaminated Soils by Zero Valent Iron and Magnetic Separation Technique
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 8
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are continually transforming the Earth’s surface and resulting in significant disturbances of ecosystem services including those provided by soil resources. However, advances in chemical, biological, and material sciences make it possible to develop both preventive and corrective solutions to soil pollution problems. Here we present the results of preliminary studies on the elimination of the bioavailable fraction of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from contaminated soils, by taking advantage of enhanced corrosion of zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles and their strong magnetic characteristics to retrieve the formed heavy metal-ZVI complexes from treated soils. The 48-h Ceriodaphnia dubia acute toxicity assay and MetPLATE were used to assess the ability of the tested remediation approach to eliminate Cu and Zn toxicity as a function of soil types and contact time between metals and soils, with or without wet-dry cycles. In sandy soils, the toxicity associated with the water extractable Cu and Zn decreased by two orders of magnitude after treatment. In organic-rich soils, differences in the affinity of Cu and Zn for soil organic matter drove the observed toxicity removal trends, with Cu toxicity mitigation linked primarily to its high affinity for soil organic matter. Trends of the removal of Zn toxicity in organic-rich soil mimicked those observed in sandy soil, but with the removed toxicity units varying just within one order of magnitude.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by a seed grant from the University of Florida to Gabriel Bitton and Jean-Claude Bonzongo.
References
Alexander, M. 2000. “Aging, bioavailability, and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (20): 4259–4265. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001069+.
Ardestani, M. M., and C. A. van Gestel. 2016. “Sorption and pH determine the long-term partitioning of cadmium in natural soils.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23 (18): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7034-1.
Bitton, G. 1998. Formula handbook for environmental engineers and scientists. New York: Wiley.
Bitton, G., K. Jung, and B. Koopman. 1994. “Evaluation of a microplate assay specific for heavy metal toxicity.” Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27 (1): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203883.
Cundy, A. B., L. Hopkinson, and R. L. Whitby. 2008. “Use of iron-based technologies in contaminated land and groundwater remediation: A review.” Sci. Total Environ. 400 (1–3): 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.002.
de Barros Amorim, M. J., J. Römbke, H. J. Schallnaß, and A. M. V. M. Soares. 2005. “Effect of soil properties and aging on the toxicity of copper for Enchytraeus albidus, Enchytraeus luxuriosus, and Folsomia candida.” Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24 (8): 1875–1885. https://doi.org/10.1897/04-505R.1.
Donkor, A. K., J.-C. J. Bonzongo, V. K. Nartey, and D. K. Adotey. 2006. “Mercury in different environmental compartments of the Pra River Basin, Ghana.” Sci. Total Environ. 368 (1): 164–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.046.
Donkor, A. K., J.-C. J. Bonzongo, V. K. Nartey, and D. K. Adotey. 2007. “Heavy metals in sediments of the gold mining impacted Pra River basin, Ghana, West Africa.” Soil Sediment Contam. 14 (6): 479–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380500263675.
Duan, L., T. Palanisami, Y. Liu, Z. Dong, M. Mallavarapu, T. Kuchel, K. T. Semple, and R. Naidu. 2014. “Effects of ageing and soil properties on the oral bioavailability of benzo [a] pyrene using a swine model.” Environ. Int. 70: 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.017.
Feng, N., G. Bitton, P. Yeager, J. C. Bonzongo, and A. Boularbah. 2007a. “Heavy metal removal from soils using magnetic separation: 1. Laboratory experiments.” CLEAN–Soil Air Water 35 (4): 362–369. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200700087.
Feng, N., R. Dagan, and G. Bitton. 2007b. “Toxicological approach for assessing the heavy metal binding capacity of soils.” Soil Sediment Contam. 16 (5): 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380701490226.
Feng, N., H. Ghoveisi, G. Bitton, and J.-C. J. Bonzongo. 2016. “Removal of phyto-accessible copper from contaminated soils using zero valent iron amendment and magnetic separation methods: Assessment of residual toxicity using plant and MetPLATE™ studies.” Environ. Pollut. 219: 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.050.
Fisher-Power, L. M., T. Cheng, and Z. S. Rastghalam. 2016. “Cu and Zn adsorption to a heterogeneous natural sediment: Influence of leached cations and natural organic matter.” Chemosphere 144: 1973–1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.109.
Franzreb, M., and W. H. Holl. 2000. “Phosphate removal by high-gradient magnetic filtration using permanent magnets.” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 10 (1): 923–926. https://doi.org/10.1109/77.828382.
Gupta, V. K., A. Nayak, B. Bhushan, and S. Agarwal. 2014. “A critical analysis on the efficiency of activated carbon from low-cost precursors for heavy metals remediation.” Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (6): 613–668. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2013.876526.
Hartley, W., R. Edwards, and N. W. Lepp. 2004. “Arsenic and heavy metal mobility in iron oxide-amended contaminated soils as evaluated by short-and long-term leaching tests.” Environ. Pollut. 131 (3): 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.02.017.
Huang, F., G. Bitton, and I.-C. Kong. 1999. “Determination of the heavy metal binding capacity of aquatic samples using MetPLATETM: A preliminary study.” Sci. Total Environ. 234 (1–3): 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00169-2.
Jiang, X., J. Qiao, I. M. Lo, L. Wang, X. Guan, Z. Lu, G. Zhou, and C. Xu. 2015. “Enhanced paramagnetic Cu 2+ ions removal by coupling a weak magnetic field with zero valent iron.” J. Hazard. Mater. 283: 880–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.044.
Karapinar, N. 2003. “Magnetic separation of ferrihydrite from wastewater by magnetic seeding and high-gradient magnetic separation.” Int. J. Miner. Process 71 (1–4): 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(03)00029-2.
Karapinar, N., E. Hoffmann, and H. H. Hahn. 2004. “Magnetite seeded precipitation of phosphate.” Water Res. 38 (13): 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.042.
Kumpiene, J., A. Lagerkvist, and C. Maurice. 2008. “Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in soil using amendments—A review.” Waste Manage. 28 (1): 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.012.
Li, J., Z. Shi, B. Ma, P. Zhang, X. Jiang, Z. Xiao, and X. Guan. 2015. “Improving the reactivity of zerovalent iron by taking advantage of its magnetic memory: Implications for arsenite removal.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (17): 10581–10588. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02699.
Liang, L., X. Guan, Z. Shi, J. Li, Y. Wu, and P. G. Tratnyek. 2014a. “Coupled effects of aging and weak magnetic fields on sequestration of selenite by zero-valent iron.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 48 (11): 6326–6334. https://doi.org/10.1021/es500958b.
Liang, L., W. Sun, X. Guan, Y. Huang, W. Choi, H. Bao, L. Li, and Z. Jiang. 2014b. “Weak magnetic field significantly enhances selenite removal kinetics by zero valent iron.” Water Res. 49: 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.026.
Lim, J.-M., A. L. Salido, and D. J. Butcher. 2004. “Phytoremediation of lead using Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with EDTA and electrodics.” Microchem. J. 76 (1–2): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2003.10.002.
Liu, G., J. Cabrera, M. Allen, and Y. Cai. 2006. “Mercury characterization in a soil sample collected nearby the DOE Oak Ridge Reservation utilizing sequential extraction and thermal desorption method.” Sci. Total Environ. 369 (1–3): 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.07.011.
Ma, L., J. Zhang, L. Han, W. Li, L. Xu, F. Hu, and H. Li. 2012. “The effects of aging time on the fraction distribution and bioavailability of PAH.” Chemosphere 86 (10): 1072–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.065.
Ma, Y., E. Lombi, M. J. McLaughlin, I. W. Oliver, A. L. Nolan, K. Oorts, and E. Smolders. 2013. “Aging of nickel added to soils as predicted by soil pH and time.” Chemosphere 92 (8): 962–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.013.
Ma, Y., E. Lombi, I. W. Oliver, A. L. Nolan, and M. J. McLaughlin. 2006. “Long-term aging of copper added to soils.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (26): 6310–6317. https://doi.org/10.1021/es060306r.
Nedelkoska, T., and P. Doran. 2000. “Characteristics of heavy metal uptake by plant species with potential for phytoremediation and phytomining.” Miner. Eng. 13 (5): 549–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00035-2.
Oorts, K., U. Ghesquiere, and E. Smolders. 2007. “Leaching and aging decrease nickel toxicity to soil microbial processes in soils freshly spiked with nickel chloride.” Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26 (6): 1130–1138. https://doi.org/10.1897/06-533R.1.
Quartacci, M., A. Argilla, A. Baker, and F. Navari-Izzo. 2006. “Phytoextraction of metals from a multiply contaminated soil by Indian mustard.” Chemosphere 63 (6): 918–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.051.
Song, J., F. J. Zhao, S. P. McGrath, and Y. M. Luo. 2006. “Influence of soil properties and aging on arsenic phytotoxicity.” Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25 (6): 1663–1670. https://doi.org/10.1897/05-480R2.1.
Stewart, M., P. M. Jardine, C. Brandt, M. Barnett, S. Fendorf, L. McKay, T. Mehlhorn, and K. Paul. 2010. “Effects of contaminant concentration, aging, and soil properties on the bioaccessibility of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in soil.” Soil Sediment Contam. 12 (1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/713610958.
Sumner, M., W. Miller, D. Sparks, A. Page, P. Helmke, R. Loeppert, P. Soltanpour, M. Tabatabai, and C. Johnston. 1996. “Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients.” Methods of soil analysis. Part 3-chemical methods. 1201–1229.
Sun, Y., X. Guan, J. Wang, X. Meng, C. Xu, and G. Zhou. 2014. “Effect of weak magnetic field on arsenate and arsenite removal from water by zerovalent iron: An XAFS investigation.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 48 (12): 6850–6858. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5003956.
Tessier, A., P. G. Campbell, and M. Bisson. 1979. “Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals.” Anal. Chem. 51 (7): 844–851. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50043a017.
Tiberg, C., J. Kumpiene, J. P. Gustafsson, A. Marsz, I. Persson, M. Mench, and D. B. Kleja. 2016. “Immobilization of Cu and As in two contaminated soils with zero-valent iron—Long-term performance and mechanisms.” Appl. Geochem. 67: 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.02.009.
USEPA. 2002. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms. Washington DC: USEPA.
Warner, K. A., J.-C. J. Bonzongo, E. E. Roden, G. M. Ward, A. C. Green, I. Chaubey, W. B. Lyons, and D. A. Arrington. 2005. “Effect of watershed parameters on mercury distribution in different environmental compartments in the Mobile, Alabama River Basin, USA.” Sci. Total Environ. 347 (1–3): 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.011.
Yeager, R. P. 1998. “Remediation of metal-contaminated soils and sediments using magnetic adsorbents.” M.S. thesis, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Zhao, X., W. Liu, Z. Cai, B. Han, T. Qian, and D. Zhao. 2016. “An overview of preparation and applications of stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles for soil and groundwater remediation.” Water Res. 100: 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.019.
Zhou, M.-L., Y.-X. Tang, and Y.-M. Wu. 2013. “Plant hairy roots for remediation of aqueous pollutants.” Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 31 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-012-0465-z.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 8 • August 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 25, 2017
Accepted: Feb 7, 2018
Published online: Jun 8, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Nov 8, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.