Biodegradation of Environmentally Hazardous Azo Dyes and Aromatic Amines Using Klebsiella pneumoniae
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 6
Abstract
A facultative bacterium was isolated from the sludge of a local dyeing industry for bioremediation of wastewater containing azo dyes. The identified Klebsiella pneumoniae by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis was used for complete degradation of the recalcitrant sulfonated azo dyes in a two-stage process. In Stage I, different azo dyes (monosulfonated, disulfonated, and trisulfonated, ), were decolorized by more than 95% in less than 24 h. The addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen as a redox mediator resulted in faster decolorization of the model azo dye, Methyl Orange. In Stage II, the accumulated 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid was further degraded under aerobic conditions. Dye degradation products obtained during biodegradation were analyzed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. The phytotoxicity test performed with the dicot seed Cicer arietinum showed that the final degraded products after two-stage sequential process were less toxic. Moreover, the isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed to be efficient compared with the previously reported strains. Thus, the isolated strain has great potential for the degradation of azo dyes and aromatic amines at the source points.
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Acknowledgments
The partial financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India, at the early stages of this work is gratefully acknowledged.
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Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 6 • June 2018
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©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 26, 2016
Accepted: Sep 29, 2017
Published online: Mar 20, 2018
Published in print: Jun 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Aug 20, 2018
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