Reflection on Molecular Approaches Influencing State-of-the-Art Bioremediation Design: Culturing to Microbial Community Fingerprinting to Omics
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 10
Abstract
Bioremediation is generally viewed as a cost-effective and sustainable technology because it relies on microbes to transform pollutants into benign compounds. Advances in molecular biological analyses allow unprecedented microbial detection and are increasingly incorporated into bioremediation. Throughout history, state-of-the-art techniques have informed bioremediation strategies. However, the insights those techniques provided were not as in depth as those provided by recently developed omics tools. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have now placed metagenomics and metatranscriptomics within reach of environmental engineers. As NGS costs decrease, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics have become increasingly feasible options to rapidly scan sites for specific degradative functions and identify microorganisms important in pollutant degradation. These omic techniques are capable of revolutionizing biological treatment in environmental engineering by allowing highly sensitive characterization of previously uncultured microorganisms. Omics enables the discovery of novel microorganisms for use in bioaugmentation and supports systematic optimization of biostimulation strategies. This review describes the omics journey from its roots in biology and medicine to its current status in environmental engineering, including potential future directions in commercial application.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Duke Superfund Research Program, funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences project P42-ES010356.
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Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 10 • October 2016
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© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 16, 2015
Accepted: Mar 31, 2016
Published online: Aug 16, 2016
Published in print: Oct 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Jan 16, 2017
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