Effect of Coupling Zero-Valent Iron Side Filters on the Performance of Bioreactors Fed with a High Concentration of Perchloroethylene
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 11
Abstract
The objectives of this work were first to evaluate the effect of coupling a zero-valent side filter to anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactors (HFBB) versus bioreactors without the zero-valent filter, also called methanogenic fluidized bed bioreactors (MFBB); and second to study the diversity of the microbial community in both types of bioreactors. At the end of operation (in the last 75 d), the HFBB reached a 95% removal of the incoming tetrachloroethylene, whereas the MFBBs without filter achieved a removal of 88%. Genera such as Dehalobacter spp., Desulfurospirillum spp., Desulfitobacterium spp., and Dehalococcoides spp., and Methanosarcina were found at the end of the treatment. Coupling zero-valent filters to bioreactors (HFBB) fed with high tetrachloroethylene concentration improved reactor performance [high tetrachloroethylene removal and reduction of concentrations of vinyl chloride (VC) and dichlorethylene (DCE)]. This performance was consistent with significant higher concentrations of dehalogenating bacteria found in the HFBB.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for suggestions that allowed the manuscript to be improved. The authors also thank CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico, for financial support of this research; Gustavo Gerardo Medina-Mendoza, B.S. Chem. Eng., and Rafael Hernandez-Vera, M.S. Biol. (both with the Dept. of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV del IPN) for their excellent technical help. CONACYT granted an international scholarship to the first author and an infrastructure Project 188281 to the fifth author.
References
Albino, J. D., and Nambi, I. (2009). “Effect of biosurfactants on the aqueous solubility of PCE and TCE.” J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A, 44(14), 1565–1573.
Alessi, D. S., and Li, Z. (2001). “Synergistic effect of cationic surfactants on perchloroethylene degradation by zero-valent iron.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(18), 3713–3717.
Angelidaki, I., and Ahring, B. K. (1992). “Effects of free long chain fatty acids on thermophilic anaerobic digestion.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 37(6), 808–812.
APHA (American Public Health Association). (2005). “Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.” Washington, DC.
Aschengrau, A., Rogers, S., and Ozonoff, D. (2003). “Perchloroethylene-contaminated drinking water and the risk of breast cancer: Additional results from cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA.” Environ. Health Perspect., 111(2), 1167–1175.
Ashwana, D. F., LaRoe, S. L., Shea, M. E., and Bedard, D. L. (2014). “Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain JNA dechlorinates multiple chlorinated phenols including pentachlorophenol and harbors at least 19 reductive dehalogenase homologous genes.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 48(24), 14300–14308.
Atikovic, E., Suidan, M. T., and Maloney, S. W. (2008). “Anaerobic treatment of army ammunition production wastewater containing perchlorate and RDX.” Chemosphere, 72(11), 1643–1648.
Aulenta, F., Majone, M., Verbo, P., and Tandoi, V. (2002). “Complete dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to ethene in presence of methanogenesis and acetogenesis by an anaerobic sediment microcosm.” Biodegradation, 13(6), 411–424.
Aulenta, F., Pera, A., and Rossetti, S. (2007). “Relevance of side reactions in anaerobic reductive -dechlorination microcosms amended with different electron donors.” Water Res., 41(1), 27–38.
Bagley, D. M., Lalonde, M., Kaseros, V., Stasiuk, E. K., and Sleep, B. E. (2000). “Acclimation of anaerobic systems to biodegrade tetrachloroethene in the presence of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform.” Water Res., 34(1), 171–178.
Baric, M., Majone, M., Beccari, M., and Papini, M. P. (2012). “Coupling of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and zero valent iron (ZVI) for enhanced treatment of chlorinated ethanes in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs).” Chem. Eng. J., 195–196, 22–30.
Becker, J. G. (2006). “A modeling study and implications of competition between Dehalococcoides ethenogenes and other tetrachloroethene respiring bacteria.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(14), 4473–4480.
Bereded-Samuel, Y., Petersen, J., and Skeen, R. (1996). “Effect of perchloroethylene (PCE) on methane and acetate production by a methanogenic consortium.” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1(1), 915–922.
Breton-Deval, L., Galindez-Mayer, J., Moreno-Medina, C. U., Ríos-Leal, E., Rinderknecht-Seijas, N., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2012). “Operation of hybrid fluidized bioreactors for on site bioremediation of water polluted with high concentration of PCE.” Environ. Eng. Manage. J., 11(3), S25.
Breton-Deval, L., Rios-Leal, E., Solorza-Feria, O., Juarez, K., Rinderknecht-Seijas, N., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2013). “Biodegradability of non ioninc surfactant used in the pump and treat of groundwaters polluted with PCE.” Bioremediation and Sustainable Environmental Technologies-2013, R. Sirabian and R. Darlington, eds., Battelle, Columbus, OH.
Cabirol, N., Jacob, F., Perrier, J., Fouillet, B., and Chambon, P. (1998). “Complete degradation of high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene by a methanogenic consortium in a fixed bed reactor.” J. Biotechnol., 62(2), 133–141.
Crocetti, G., Murto, M., and Bjornsson, L. (2006). “An update and optimisation of oligonucleotide probes targeting methanogenic Archaea for use in fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).” J. Microbiol. Methods., 65(1), 194–201.
Escamilla-Alvarado, C., Poggi-Varaldo, H. M., and Ponce-Noyola, M. T. (2013). “Use of organic waste for the production of added-value holocellulases with Cellulomonas flavigena PR-22.” Waste Manage. Res., 31(8), 849–858.
Fagerlund, F., Illangasekare, T. H., Phenrat, T., Kim, H. J., and Lowry, G. V. (2012). “PCE dissolution and simultaneous dechlorination by nanoscale zero-valent iron particles in a DNAPL source zone.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 131(1–4), 9–28.
Fazi, S., Aulenta, F., Majone, M., and Rossetti, S. (2008). “Improved quantification of Dehalococcoides species by fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition.” Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 31(1), 62–67.
Futagami, T., Goto, M., and Furukawa, K. (2008). “Biochemical and genetic bases of dehalorespiration.” Chem. Rec., 8(1), 1–12.
Garant, H., and Lynd, L. R. (1996). “Perchloroethylene utilization by methanogenic fed-batch cultures.” 17th Symp. on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, Vol. 57–58, Springer, Berlin, 3–18.
Garibay-Orijel, C., Hoyo-Vadillo, C., Ponce-Noyola, T., García-Mena, J., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2006). “Impact of long-term partial aeration on the removal of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol in an initially methanogenic fluidized bed bioreactor.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 94(5), 949–960.
Garibay-Orijel, C., Rios-Leal, E., Garcia-Mena, J., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2005). “2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol and phenol removal in methanogenic partially-aerated methanogenic conditions in a fluidized bed bioreactor.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 80(10), 1180–1187.
Gonzalez-Lopez, C. V., Ceron-Garcia, M. C., Acien-Fernandes, F. G., Segovia-Bustos, C., Chisti, Y., and Fernandez-Sevilla, J. M. (2010). “Protein measurements of microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass.” Bioresource Technol., 101(19), 7587–7591.
Gunawardana, B., Singhal, N., and Swedlund, P. (2011). “Degradation of chlorinated phenols by zero valent iron and bimetals of iron: A review.” Environ. Eng. Res., 16(4), 187–203.
Herrera-Lopez, D., Garcia-Mena, J., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2008). “Coupling continuous bioreactors with zero-valent iron filters: The effect on removal of high concentrations of perchloroethylene.” Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds-2008, B. M. Sass, ed., Battelle, Columbus, OH.
Herrera-Lopez, D., García-Mena, J., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2007). “The addition of zero-valent iron to batch bioreactors with simultaneous electron acceptors: Influence on removal of high concentrations of perchloroethylene.” In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation-2007, A. R. Gavaskar and C. F. Silver, eds., Battelle, Columbus, OH.
Hirsch, P. R., Mauchline, T. H., and Clark, I. M. (2010). “Culture independent molecular techniques for soil microbial ecology.” Soil. Biol. Biochem., 42(6), 878–887.
Holliger, C., et al. (1998). “Dehalobacter restrictus gen. nov. and sp. nov. a strictly anaerobic bacterium that reductively dechlorinates tetra and trichloroethene in an anaerobic respiration.” Arch. Microbiol., 169(4), 313–321.
Hussein, J. (2008). “Microcosms and field bioremediation studies of perchloroethene (PCE) contaminated and groundwater.” Ph.D. thesis, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS.
ITRC (Interstate Technology Regulatory Council). (2011). “Environmental molecular diagnostics fact sheets.”, Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Environmental Molecular Diagnostics Team, Washington, DC.
Jial, Y., et al. (2009). “Reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by zero-valent iron and related iron corrosion.” Appl. Catal. B Environ., 91(1–2), 434–440.
Karri, S., Sierra-Alvarez, R., and Field, J. A. (2005). “Zero valent iron as an electron-donor for methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in anaerobic sludge.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 92(7), 810–819.
Kittelmann, S., and Friedrich, M. W. (2008). “Identification of novel perchloroethene-respiring microorganisms in anoxic river sediment by RNA-based stable isotope probing.” Environ. Microbiol., 10(1), 31–46.
Kreyszig, E. (1972). Introduction to mathematical statistics, Wiley, New York.
Kristensen, H., and Jorgensen, E. P. (1992). “Characterization of functional microorganism groups and substrate in activated sludge and wasterwater by AUR, NUR and OUR.” Water Sci. Technol., 25, 43–57.
Lebrón, C. A., et al. (2008). “An overview of current approaches and methodologies to improve accuracy, data quality and standardization of environmental microbial quantitative PCR methods.”, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), VA.
Lee, D. H., Kim, S., and Chang, W. (2005). “Effect of Tween surfactant components for remediation of toluene contaminated groundwater.” Geosci. J., 9(3), 261–267.
Lee, S., Bae, H., and McCarty, L. (2007). “Comparison between acetate and hydrogen as electron donors and implications for the reductive dehalogenation of PCE and TCE.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 94(1–2), 76–85.
Linkfield, T. G., Suflita, J. M., and Tiedje, J. M. (1989). “Characterization of the acclimation period prior to the anaerobic biodegradation of haloaromatic compounds.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 2773–2778.
López-Navarrete, Z., Ríos-Leal, E., Esparza-Garcia, F., Buitron, G., Thalasso, F., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2002). “Removal of chlorophenols and chlorinated aliphatics in simultaneous methanogenic-denitrification systems.” Proc., 5th IWA Int. Conf. of the Chemical Industry Group, O. Thomas, J. R. Degource-Dumas, P. Le-Cloirec, and A. Englande, eds., Ecole de Mines de Nantes, Nimes, France, 157–166.
Lorowitz, W. H., Nagle, D. P., and Tanner, R. S. (1992). “Anaerobic oxidation of elemental metals coupled to methanogenesis by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 26(8), 1606–1610.
Loy, A., Maixner, F., Wagner, M., and Horn, M. (2007). “ProbeBase—An online resource for rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes: New features 2007.” Nucleic Acids Res., 35, D800–D804.
Lu, X., Tao, S., Bosma, T., and Gerritse, J. (2001). “Characteristic hydrogen concentration for various redox processes in batch study.” J. Environ. Sci. Health, 36(9), 1725–1734.
Lyew, D., Tartakovsky, B., Manuel, M. F., and Guiot, S. R. (2002). “A microcosm test for potential mineralization of chlorinated compounds under coupled aerobic/anaerobic conditions.” Chemosphere, 47(7), 695–699.
Ma, C., and Wu, Y. (2008). “Dechlorination of perchloroethylene using zero valent metal and microbial community.” Environ. Geol., 55(1), 47–54.
Macarie, H., Ahring, B. K., Rinderknecht-Seijas, N., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2002). “A review on bioreactors with simultaneous electron acceptors for removal of recalcitrant and toxic compounds.” Proc., 5th IWA Int. Conf. of the Chemical Industry Group, O. Thomas, J. R. Degource-Dumas, P. Le-Cloirec, and A. Englande, eds., Ecole de Mines de Nantes, Nimes, France, 149–156.
Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M., Stahl, D. A., and Clark, D. P. (2010). Brock biology of microorganisms, 13th Ed., Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco.
Major, D. W., McMaster, M. L., and Cox, E. (2002). “Field demonstration of successful bioaugmentation to achieve dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to ethane.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(23), 5106–5116.
Matturro, B., Aulenta, F., Majone, M., Petrangeli, P. M., Tandoi, V., and Rossetti, S. (2012). “Field distribution and activity of chlorinated solvents degrading bacteria by combining CARD-FISH and real time PCR.” New Biotechnol., 30(1), 23–32.
Matturro, B., Tandoi, V., and Rossetti, S. (2013). “Different activity levels of Dehalococcoides mccartyi revealed by FISH and CARD-FISH under non-steady and pseudo-steady state conditions.” New Biotechnol., 30(6), 756–762.
Mazur, C. S., Jones, W. J., and Tebes-Stevens, C. (2003). “ consumption during the microbial reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated phenols and tetrachloroethene.” Biodegradation, 14(4), 285–295.
Mohn, W. W., and Tiedje, J. M. (1992). “Microbial reductive dehalogenation.” Microbiol. Rev., 56(3), 482–507.
Montgomery, D. C. (1991). Design and analysis of experiments, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Moreno-Medina, C., et al. (2010). “Effect of sudden increase of PCE concentration on performance of fluidized bed bioreactors operated in simultaneous electron acceptor modes.” J. Biotechnol., 150, 48–49.
Moreno-Medina, C., Bretón-Deval, L., Ríos-Leal, E., Barrera-Cortés, J., Rinderknecht-Seijas, N., and Poggi-Varaldo, H. M. (2011). “Perchloroethylene solubilization with a non-ionic tensoactive.” Interciencia, 36(3), 224–228.
Muhammad, N., and Hooke, A. M. (2003). “Biomass characterization of slow sand filtration schmutzdecke and its effects on filter performance.” Environ. Technol., 24(1), 43–50.
OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). (2011). “Public health goal for tetrachloroethylene in drinking water.”.
O’Hara, S., Krug, T., Quinn, J., Clausen, C., and Geiger, C. (2006). “Field and laboratory evaluation of the treatment of DNAPL source zones using emulsified zero valent iron.” Rem. Spring., 16(2), 35–56.
Pernthaler, J., Glockner, F. O., Schonhuber, W., and Amann, R. (2001). “Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA–targeted oligonucleotide probes.” Methods Microbiol., 30, 207–226.
Poggi-Varaldo, H. M., et al. (2012). “Influence of discontinuing feeding degradable cosubstrate on the performance of a fluidized bed bioreactor treating a mixture of trichlorophenol and phenol.” J. Environ. Manage., 113, 527–537.
Poggi-Varaldo, H. M., Valdes, L., Esparza-Garcia, F., and Fernandes-Villagomez, G. (1997). “Solid substrate anaerobic co-digestion of paper mill sludge, biosolids and municipal solid waste.” Water Sci. Technol., 35(2–3), 197–204.
Rosenthal, H., Adrian, L., and Steiof, M. (2004). “Dechlorination of PCE in the presence of Fe enhanced by a mixed culture containing two Dehalococcoides strains.” Chemosphere, 55(5), 661–669.
Rossetti, S., Aulenta, F., Majone, M., Crocetti, G., and Tandoi, V. (2008). “Structure analysis and performance of a microbial community from a contaminated aquifer involved in the complete reductive dechlorination of 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane to ethene.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 100(2), 240–249.
Sanchez, M., Mosquera-Corral, A., Mendez, R., and Lerma, J. M. (2002). “Simple methods for the determination of the denitrifying activity of sludges.” Bioresour. Technol., 75(1), 1–6.
Shin, M., Choi, H., Kim, D., and Baek, K. (2008). “Effect of surfactant on reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene by zero-valent iron.” Desalination, 223(1–3), 299–307.
Smidt, H., and De Vos, W. M. (2004). “Anaerobic microbial dehalogenation.” Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 58(1), 43–73.
Sorensen, H. A., and Ahring, B. (1993). “Measurements of the specific methanogenic activity of anaerobic digestor biomas.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 40(2–3), 427–431.
Taghavy, A., Costanza, J., Pennell, K. D., and Abriola, L. M. (2010). “Effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron for treatment of a PCE–DNAPL source zone.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 118(3–4), 128–142.
U.S. EPA. (2003). “National primary drinking water standards.”, Washington, DC.
Volpe, A., Del Moro, G., Rossetti, S., Tandoi, V., and Lopez, A. (2007). “Remediation of PCE contaminated groundwater from an industrial site in southern Italy: A laboratory scale study.” Process Biochem., 42(11), 1498–1505.
Wang, J., and Wu, C. (2004). “Biodegradation of chlorinated solvents in bioreactor landfills.” Toxic Radioact. Waste Manage., 84–88.
Wiggins, B. A., Jones, S. H., and Alexander, M. (1987). “Explanations for the acclimation period preceding the mineralization of organic chemicals in aquatic environments.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53(4), 791–796.
Xiu, Z. M., Jin, Z. H., Li, T. L., Mahendra, S., Lowry, G. V., and Alvarez, P. (2010). “Effects of nano-scale zero-valent iron particles on a mixed culture dechlorinating trichloroethylene.” Bioresour. Technol., 101(4), 1141–1146.
Yang, Y., and McCarty, P. L. (1998). “Competition for hydrogen within a chlorinated solvent dehalogenating anaerobic mixed culture.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(22), 3591–3597.
Yang, Y., Pesaro, M., Sigler, W., and Zeyer, J. (2005). “Identification of microorganisms involved in reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes in an anaerobic microbial community.” Water Res., 39(16), 3954–3966.
Ye, F. X., and Shen, D. S. (2004). “Acclimation of anaerobic sludge degrading chlorophenols and the biodegradation kinetics during acclimation period.” Chemosphere, 54(10), 1573–1580.
Yu, Z. T., and Smith, G. (2000). “Inhibition of methanogenesis by - and -polychlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons.” Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19(9), 2212–2217.
Zárate-Segura, P., et al. (2005). “Removal of perchlorethylene in two methanogenic-denitrifying continuous systems.” In Situ and On Site Bioremediation-2005, B. C. Alleman and M. E. Kelley, eds., Battelle, Columbus, OH.
Zárate-Segura, P. B., et al. (2004). “Perchloroethylene removal in two anaerobic continuous systems.” Interciencia, 29(10), 562–567.
Zhang, W., et al. (2013). “Mechanism and pathway of tetrachloroethylene dechlorination by zero-valent iron with Cu or Cu/C.” J. Environ. Eng., 803–809.
Zhao, B., Zhu, L., and Yang, K. (2006). “Solubilization of DNAPLs by mixed surfactant: Reduction in partitioning losses of nonionic surfactant.” Chemosphere, 62(5), 772–779.
Zhou, H., Han, J., Ali-Baig, S., and Xu, X. (2011). “Dechlorination of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized Pd/Fe nanoparticles.” J. Hazard. Mater., 198(6), 7–12.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 11 • November 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 8, 2015
Accepted: Nov 3, 2015
Published online: May 2, 2016
Discussion open until: Oct 2, 2016
Published in print: Nov 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.