General Model of Chlorine Decay in Blends of Surface Waters, Desalinated Water, and Groundwaters
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 12
Abstract
Management goals for many distribution systems include maintaining a minimum level of free chlorine and limiting disinfection by-products. As water resources become scarce and quality deteriorates, blends are often required, so achieving these goals becomes increasingly difficult. The augmented two-reactant (2RA) model describes chlorine decay in a single water, for various dosing levels and water temperatures. However, it is not known whether there is any effect on chlorine decay (either synergistic or antagonistic) arising from blending waters of distinctly different quality. Linked 2RA models of source waters were used to determine whether bulk decay in blends of various source waters could be accurately and generally modeled. Results showed that chlorine decay in blends of various waters could be described accurately without synergistic or antagonistic effects, implying that each water’s reactants reduced chlorine independently. This held for pairs of surface waters, groundwaters, and raw or treated surface water blended with desalinated water, for various initial chlorine doses and temperatures. Linked models can be incorporated immediately into system models, to predict bulk chlorine decay and trihalomethane (THM) formation in distribution systems supplied from several water sources.
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Acknowledgments
Decay tests for the two surface waters and their blends were funded by the Sydney Catchment Authority and conducted at the University of Western Sydney, Australia. Experimental work involving desalinated water and its blends was funded by SA Water and completed at the Australian Water Quality Centre. Experimental work on groundwater/artesian water was carried out by Water Corporation, Western Australia, as part of the research program of the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 141 • Issue 12 • December 2015
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 18, 2014
Accepted: Apr 28, 2015
Published online: Jun 30, 2015
Discussion open until: Nov 30, 2015
Published in print: Dec 1, 2015
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