Swine Wastewater Treatment Using Submerged Biofilm SBR Process: Enhancement of Performance by Internal Circulation through Sand Filter
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 6
Abstract
Pollutants removal from swine wastewater by a submerged biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR) with internal circulation of liquor through a sand filter was studied. The variation of nutrient removal efficiencies with changes in volumetric circulation ratios and rates were determined. The reactor was operated under the following conditions: One cycle per day, hydraulic retention time of 15 days, average loading rate of , and without supplemental external carbon source. System performance was enhanced by conducting internal circulation of liquor through the sand filter. When compared with the performance of a single BSBR without sand filter, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were found to increase by 18% and over 33%, respectively. With a circulation rate of , and duration of 22 h (circulation ratio of 0.9), TOC, , and total soluble inorganic nitrogen (as plus ) removal efficiencies of 73, 97.8, and 85.6%, respectively, were achieved. The enhancement of nitrogen removal was attributed to the occurrence of denitrification in the sand filter during circulation of liquor. The denitrification rate was proportional to the volumetric circulation ratio per day, resulting in an average 15% removal in the sand filter. Also, it was found that continuous circulation during the entire reaction phases could be one way to achieve better performance.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (Grant No. KOSEFR05-2002-000-00482-0). Also, this study was partially supported by Institute of Animal Resources at the Kangwon National University.
References
Biesterfeld, S., Farmerb, G., Figueroac, L., Parkerd, D., and Russell, P. (2003). “Quantification of denitrification potential in carbonaceous trickling filters.” Water Res., 37, 4011–4017.
Buitrón, G., Quezada, M., and Moreno, G. (2004). “Aerobic degradation of the azo-dye acid red 151 in a sequencing batch biofilter.” Bioresour. Technol., 92, 143–149.
Chang, W. S., Hong, S. W., and Park, J. K. (2002). “Effect of zeolite media for the treatment of textile wastewater in a biological aerated filter.” Process Biochem. (Oxford, U.K.), 37, 693–698.
Chiu, Y. C., Lee, L. L., Chang, C. N., and Chao, A. C. (2007). “Control of carbon and ammonium ratio for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing batch bioreactor.” Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad., 59, 1–7.
Cohen, Y. (2001). “Biofiltration—The treatment of fluids by microorganisms immobilized into the filter bedding material: A review.” Bioresour. Technol., 77, 257–274.
Dempsey, M. J., Lannigana, K. C., and Minall, R. J. (2005). “Particulate-biofilm, expanded-bed technology for high-rate, low-cost wastewater treatment: Nitrification.” Water Res., 39, 965–974.
Gomez, M. A., Galvez, J. M., Hontoria, E., and Lopez, J. Z. (2003). “Influence of ethanol concentration on biofilm bacterial composition from a denitrifying submerged filter used for contaminated groundwater.” J. Biosci. Bioeng., 95, 245–251.
Guo, H., Zhou, J., Su, J., and Zhang, Z. (2005). “Integration of nitrification and denitrification in airlift bioreactor.” Biochem. Eng. J., 23, 57–62.
Holman, J. B., and Wareham, D. G. (2005). “COD, ammonia and dissolved oxygen time profiles in the simultaneous nitrification/denitrification process.” Biochemical Eng. J., 22, 125–133.
Lachat Instruments. (1997). Method list for QuikChem automated analyzer. QuikChem methods 10-115-01-1-A, 10-107-06-1-J, and 10-107-04-1-C Zellweger Analytics, Inc., Lachat Instruments Division, Milwaukee, Wis.
Li, J., Xing, X. H., and Wang, B. Z. (2003). “Characteristics of phosphorus removal from wastewater by biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBR).” Biochem. Eng. J., 16, 279–285.
Ling, J., and Chen, S. (2005). “Impact of organic carbon on nitrification performance of different biofilters.” Aquacultural Eng., 33, 150–162.
Liu, Q., Mancl, K., and Tuovinen, O. H. (2003). “Biomass accumulation and carbon utilization in layered sand filter biofilm systems receiving milk fat and detergent mixtures.” Bioresour. Technol., 89, 275–279.
Loukidou, M. X., and Zouboulis, A. I. (2001). “Comparison of two biological treatment processes using attached-growth biomass for sanitary landfill leachate treatment.” Environ. Pollut., 111, 273–281.
Nakhla, G., and Farooq, S. (2003). “Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in slow sand filters.” J. Hazard. Mater., 96, 291–303.
Villaverde, S., Fdzpolanco, F., and Garcia, P. A. (2000). “Nitrifying biofilm acclimation to free ammonia in submerged biofilters: Start-up influence.” Water Res., 34, 602–610.
Wang, B., Li, J., Wang, L., Nie, M., and Li, J. (1998). “Mechanism of phosphorus removal by SBR submerged biofilm system.” Water Res., 32, 2633–2638.
Westerman, P. W., Bicudo, J. R., and Kantardjieff, A. (2000). “Upflow biological aerated filters for the treatment of flushed swine manure.” Bioresour. Technol., 74, 181–190.
White, D. M., and Shadabel, W. (1998). “Treatment of cyanide waste in a sequencing batch reactor.” Water Res., 32, 254–257.
Zhu, S., and Chen, S. (2001). “Effects of organic carbon on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters.” Aquacultural Eng., 25, 1–11.
Zhu, S., and Chen, S. (2002). “The impact of temperature on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters.” Aquacultural Eng., 26, 221–237.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 20, 2008
Accepted: Nov 16, 2009
Published online: Nov 18, 2009
Published in print: Jun 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.