Distribution of Particulate-Bound Metals for Source Area Snow in the Lake Tahoe Watershed
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 2
Abstract
The porous matrix and long residence time of snow in traffic corridors can result in the accretion of particulate matter (PM) and metals. This temporary repository contributes PM-based and dissolved metals to surrounding environs during snowmelt. This study focused on distribution and settling of PM-based metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) in snow. Snow was sampled from six sites during four winter seasons. PM-based metals are examined herein as a function of PM granulometry, specifically particle-size distributions (PSDs) and PM surface area. Cumulative metal mass distributions across each PSD are modeled as gamma functions. Results indicate Al (15 g/kg) and Fe (4.2 g/kg) are the highest PM-based concentrations; Cd (0.18 mg/kg) and As (4.9 mg/kg) are the lowest. The PM size associated with the median metal mass ranges from 179 to . The constitutive gamma results are integrated with Hazen’s settling algorithm to model PM-bound metal separation for a sedimentation basin at a local snow storage site. Flows are modeled in the storm water management model (SWMM) from snowmelt and historical rainfall time series. Results indicate that Type I sedimentation is capable of separating the sediment fraction and majority of metal mass. While the basin is effective at separation of coarser PM-based metals, additional practices such as pavement and drainage appurtenance cleaning, as well as adsorptive-filtration can further manage suspended PM and metals, as well as dissolved metals.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 136 • Issue 2 • February 2010
Pages: 185 - 193
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 27, 2009
Accepted: Aug 19, 2009
Published online: Aug 22, 2009
Published in print: Feb 2010
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