Sintering and Reactivity of -Based Sorbents for In Situ Capture in Fluidized Beds under Realistic Calcination Conditions
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 6
Abstract
Sintering during calcination/carbonation may introduce substantial economic penalties for a looping cycle using limestone/dolomite-derived sorbents. Here, cyclic carbonation and calcination reactions were investigated for capture under fluidized bed combustion (FBC) conditions. The cyclic carbonation characteristics of -derived sorbents were compared at various calcination temperatures and different gas stream compositions: pure and a realistic calciner environment where high concentrations of (and the presence of ) are expected. The conditions during carbonation employed here were and 15% in and 0.18% or 0.50% in selected tests, i.e., typically expected for a carbonator. Up to 20 calcination/carbonation cycles were conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) apparatus. Three Canadian limestones were tested: Kelly Rock, Havelock, and Cadomin, using a prescreened particle size range of . In addition, calcined Kelly Rock and Cadomin samples were hydrated by steam and examined. Sorbent reactivity was reduced whenever was introduced to either the calcining or carbonation streams. The multicyclic capture capacity of CaO for was substantially reduced at high concentrations of during the sorbent regeneration process and carbonation conversion of the Kelly Rock sample obtained after was only 10.5%. Hydrated sorbents performed better for capture, but also showed significant deterioration following calcination in high gas streams. This indicates that high and levels in the gas stream lead to lower CaO conversion because of enhanced sintering and irreversible formation of . Such effects can be reduced by separating sulfation and carbonation and by introducing steam to avoid extremely high atmospheres, albeit at a higher cost and/or increased engineering complexity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abanades, J. C., and Alvarez, D. (2003). “Conversion limits in the reaction of with lime.” Energy Fuels, 17(2), 308–315.
Abanades, J. C., Anthony, E. J., Lu, Y., Salvador, C., and Alvarez, D. (2004). “Capture of from combustion gases in a fluidized bed of CaO.” AIChE J., 50(7), 1614–1622.
Anthony, E. J., Jia, L., and Wu, Y. (2005). “CFBC ash hydration studies.” Fuel, 84(11), 1393–1397.
Borgwardt, R. H. (1989a). “Sintering of nascent calcium oxide.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 44(1), 53–60.
Borgwardt, R. H. (1989b). “Calcium oxide sintering in atmospheres containing water and carbon dioxide.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28(4), 493–500.
Borgwardt, R. H., Roache, N. F., and Bruce, K. R. (1986). “Method for variation of grain size in studies of gas-solid reactions involving calcium oxide.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 25(1), 165–169.
Curran, G. P., Fink, C. E., and Gorin, E. (1967). “Carbon dioxide acceptor gasification process-studies of acceptor properties.” Adv. Chem. Ser., 69(10), 141–165.
Dobner, S., Sterns, L., Graff, R. A., and Squires, A. M. (1977). “Cyclic calcination and recarbonation of calcined dolomite.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 16(4), 479–486.
Fennell, P. S., Pacciani, R. P., Dennis, J. S., Davidson, J. F., and Hayhurst, A. N. (2007). “The effects of repeated cycles of calcination and carbonation on a variety of different limestones, as measured in a hot fluidized bed of sand.” Energy Fuels, 21(4), 2072–2081.
Gupta, H., and Fan, L.-S. (2002). “Carbonation-calcination cycle using high reactivity calcium oxide for carbon dioxide separation from flue gas.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41(16), 4035–4042.
Hughes, R., Lu, D., Anthony, E. J., and Macchi, A. (2005). “Design, process simulation and construction of an atmospheric dual fluidized bed combustion system for in situ capture using high-temperature sorbents.” Fuel Process. Technol., 86(14–15), 1523–1531.
Hughes, R., Lu, D., Anthony, E. J., and Wu, Y. (2004). “Improved long-term conversion of limestone-derived sorbents for in situ capture of in a fluidized bed combustor.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43(18), 5529–5539.
Manovic, V., and Anthony, E. J. (2008). “Parametric study on capture capacity of CaO-based sorbents in looping cycles.” Energy Fuels, 22(3), 1851–1857.
Salvador, C., Lu, D., Anthony, E. J., and Abanades, J. C. (2003). “Enhancement of CaO for capture in an FBC environment.” Chem. Eng. J., 96(1–3), 187–195.
Shimizu, T., Hirama, T., Hosoda, H., Kitano, K., Inagaki, M., and Tejima, K. (1999). “A twin fluid-bed reactor for removal of from combustion processes.” Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 77(1), 62–68.
Silaban, A. (1993). “High-temperature high-pressure removal from coal gas.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, La.
Silaban, A., and Harrison, P. (1995). “High-temperature capture of carbon dioxide: Characteristics of the reversible reaction between CaO(s) and .” Chem. Eng. Commun., 137(1), 177–190.
Sun, P., Grace, J. R., Lim, C. J., and Anthony, E. J. (2006). “Removal of by calcium-based sorbents in the presence of .” Energy Fuels, 21(1), 163–170.
Wang, J., and Anthony, E. J. (2005). “On the decay behavior of the absorption capacity of CaO-based sorbents.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(3), 627–629.
Wu, Y., Anthony, E. J., and Jia, L. (2004). “Steam hydration of CFBC ash and the effect of hydration conditions on reactivation.” Fuel, 83(10), 1357–1370.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 6 • June 2009
Pages: 404 - 410
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 28, 2008
Accepted: Feb 2, 2009
Published online: May 15, 2009
Published in print: Jun 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.