Predicting Project Performance in the Construction Industry
Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 146, Issue 5
Abstract
Regardless of the different project characteristics in the construction industry, cost and schedule overruns are always regarded as being of paramount importance in the project controls area. Numerous research efforts have been directed to forecast the aforementioned two important project variables using different modeling techniques. However, no prior work is believed to have offered an integrated approach to estimating the performance of construction projects. This critical knowledge gap is compounded even more by the evolving complexities and uncertainties in today’s construction industry. This paper creates a holistic framework to evaluate project progress and to predict its performance by incorporating a broad spectrum of inputs. The objectives are to (1) quantify the impacts of the risks related to the performance of projects in terms of cost and schedule; (2) formulate a holistic assessment model; and (3) correlate the developed system to predict cost and time at project completion. To this end, a multistep research methodology was utilized. First, for data collection, a survey was distributed and filled by 63 construction experts to study the effects of 25 performance risks that have shown to be the most important based on a meta-analysis of the literature in a previous study. Second, mathematical and statistical analysis techniques were used to develop a model that maps the investigated project risks to both cost and schedule performance. Steps included fitting parametric and nonparametric distributions, calculating cost overruns, verifying the model, and providing guidelines for using the proposed model. Third, for application, a hypothetical dataset was used to demonstrate the use of the model, its ability to deduce real-world behavior patterns, and associated limitations. The developed framework contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a novel model that improves project performance in terms of prediction, control, management, analysis, and decision making based on an individualized assessment of different risk indicators. This study is valuable for the construction industry because it allows all stakeholders to evaluate the performance of construction projects based on a list of variables, ultimately ensuring more effective and efficient delivery and execution of projects.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the published paper. Information on the Journal’s data-sharing policy can be found here: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001263.
References
Abotaleb, I. S., and I. H. El-Adaway. 2018. “Managing construction projects through dynamic modeling: Reviewing the existing body of knowledge and deriving future research directions.” J. Manage. Eng. 34 (6): 04018033. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000633.
Adafin, J., J. O. Rotimi, and S. Wilkinson. 2016. “Risk impact assessments in project budget development: Architects’ perspectives.” Archit. Eng. Des. Manage. 12 (3): 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2016.1152228.
Agarwal, R., S. Chandrasekaran, and M. Sridhar. 2016. “Imagining construction’s digital future.” Accessed July 14, 2019. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/capital-projects-and-infrastructure/our-insights/imagining-constructions-digital-future.
Akintoye, A. 2000. “Analysis of factors influencing project cost estimating practice.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 18 (1): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900370979.
Andersson, J., and M. Burberg. 2015. “Testing for normality of censored data.” Accessed October 10, 2018. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:816450/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
APM (Association for Project Management). 2008. “Interfacing risk and earned value management.” Accessed September 22, 2018. https://www.apm.org.uk/media/7584/irevm-sample-chapter.pdf.
Assaf, S., M. A. Hassanain, and A. Abdallah. 2017. “Assessment of deficiencies in design documents for large construction projects.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 31 (5): 04017086. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001081.
Attalla, M., T. Hegazy, and R. Haas. 2003. “Reconstruction of the building infrastructure: Two performance prediction models.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 9 (1): 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2003)9:1(26).
Babar, S., M. J. Thaheem, and B. Ayub. 2017. “Estimated cost at completion: Integrating risk into earned value management.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 143 (3): 04016104. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001245.
Bartlett, J. E., J. W. Kotrlik, and C. C. Higgins. 2001. “Preview organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research.” Inf. Tech. Learn. Perform. J. 19 (1): 43–50.
Belafi, Z. D., T. Hong, and A. Reith. 2018. “A critical review on questionnaire surveys in the field of energy-related occupant behavior.” Energy Effic. 11 (8): 2157–2177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9711-z.
Betz, J. 2018. “27+ impressive project management statistics in 2019.” Accessed July 24, 2019. https://learn.g2.com/project-management-statistics.
Boyadzhieva-Georgieva, S. 2014. “A method for choosing a project’s planned value curve by integrating earned value and risk management.” Econ. Altern. (2): 89–97.
Casanovas, M. D. M., J. Armengou, and G. Ramos. 2014. “Occupational risk index for assessment of risk in construction work by activity.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 140 (1): 04013035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000785.
Castro-Nova, I., G. M. Gad, A. Touran, B. Cetin, and D. D. Gransberg. 2018. “Evaluating the influence of differing geotechnical risk perceptions on design-build highway projects.” ASCE-ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Eng. Syst. Part A: Civ. Eng. 4 (4): 04018038. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJRUA6.0000993.
Chan, A. P., J. F. Yeung, C. C. Yu, S. Q. Wang, and Y. Ke. 2011. “Empirical study of risk assessment and allocation of public-private partnership projects in China.” J. Manage. Eng. 27 (3): 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000049.
Chang, C. J., and S. W. Yu. 2018. “Three-variance approach for updating earned value management.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 144 (6): 04018045. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001491.
Chen, H. L. 2014. “Improving forecasting accuracy of project earned value metrics: Linear modeling approach.” J. Manage. Eng. 30 (2): 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000187.
Chen, L., and K. Manley. 2014. “Validation of an instrument to measure governance and performance on collaborative infrastructure projects.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 140 (5): 04014006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000834.
Cheong Yong, Y., and N. Emma Mustaffa. 2012. “Analysis of factors critical to construction project success in Malaysia.” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage. 19 (5): 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1108/09699981211259612.
Choudhry, R. M., J. W. Hinze, M. Arshad, and H. F. Gabriel. 2012. “Subcontracting practices in the construction industry of Pakistan.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 138 (12): 1353–1359. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000562.
Choudhry, R. M., and H. Zahoor. 2016. “Strengths and weaknesses of safety practices to improve safety performance in construction projects in Pakistan.” J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. 142 (4): 04016011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000292.
CII (Construction Industry Institute). 2009. The Alberta report: COAA major projects benchmarking summary. Edmonton, AB, Canada: CII.
Clemen, R. T., and T. Reilly. 2013. Making hard decisions with DecisionTools. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Cochran, W. G. 1977. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
Creative Research Systems. 2019. “Sample size calculator.” Accessed July 19, 2019. https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm#two.
de Melo Mendes, B. V., and H. F. Lopes. 2004. “Data driven estimates for mixtures.” Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 47 (3): 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2003.12.006.
Dikmen, I., C. Budayan, M. Talat Birgonul, and E. Hayat. 2018. “Effects of risk attitude and controllability assumption on risk ratings: Observational study on international construction project risk assessment.” J. Manage. Eng. 34 (6): 04018037. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000643.
Dillman, D. A. 2011. Mail and Internet surveys: The tailored design method: 2007 update with new Internet, visual, and mixed-mode guide. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Du, J., B. C. Kim, and D. Zhao. 2016. “Cost performance as a stochastic process: EAC projection by Markov Chain simulation.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 142 (6): 04016009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001115.
Dym, C. 2004. Principles of mathematical modeling. New York: Elsevier.
Ehigiator, M. O., and R. Ehigiator–Irughe. 2018. “Formulation and implementation of mathematical models suitable for deformation analysis of structures.” Niger. J. Technol. 37 (2): 294–301. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v37i2.2.
El-adaway, I. H., G. Ali, R. Assaad, A. Elsayegh, and I. S. Abotaleb. 2019. “Analytic overview of citation metrics in the civil engineering domain with focus on construction engineering and management specialty area and its subdisciplines.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 145 (10): 04019060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001705.
El-Hoteiby, A. I., O. A. Hosny, and A. F. Waly. 2017. “Particular conditions to cover potential risks of construction projects.” J. Leg. Aff. Dispute Resolut. Eng. Constr. 9 (3): 05017002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000223.
ElZomor, M., R. Burke, K. Parrish, and G. E. Gibson Jr. 2018. “Front-end planning for large and small infrastructure projects: Comparison of project definition rating index tools.” J. Manage. Eng. 34 (4): 04018022. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000611.
Engmann, S., and D. Cousineau. 2011. “Comparing distributions: The two-sample Anderson-Darling test as an alternative to the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test.” J. Appl. Quant. Methods 6 (3): 1–17.
Fellows, R. F., and A. M. Liu. 2015. Research methods for construction. New York: Wiley.
Flanagan, R., and G. Norman. 1993. Risk management and construction. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Fleming, Q. W., and J. M. Koppelman. 2002. “Earned value management: Mitigating the risks associated with construction projects.” Program Manager 31 (2): 90–95.
Geisser, S., and W. O. Johnson. 2006. Vol. 529 of Modes of parametric statistical inference. New York: Wiley.
Haider, H., R. Sadiq, and S. Tesfamariam. 2016. “Risk-based framework for improving customer satisfaction through system reliability in small-sized to medium-sized water utilities.” J. Manage. Eng. 32 (5): 04016008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000435.
Hatamleh, M. T., M. Hiyassat, G. J. Sweis, and R. J. Sweis. 2018. “Factors affecting the accuracy of cost estimate: Case of Jordan.” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage. 25 (1): 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-10-2016-0232.
Hazır, Ö. 2015. “A review of analytical models, approaches and decision support tools in project monitoring and control.” Int. J. Project Manage. 33 (4): 808–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.09.005.
He, M., S. J. Horng, P. Fan, R. S. Run, R. J. Chen, J. L. Lai, and K. O. Sentosa. 2010. “Performance evaluation of score level fusion in multimodal biometric systems.” Pattern Recognit. 43 (5): 1789–1800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2009.11.018.
Heffernan, C., and J. A. Dunningham. 2009. “Simplifying mathematical modelling to test intervention strategies for Chlamydia.” J. Public Health Epidemiol. 1 (1): 22–30.
Hillson, D. 2004. “Earned value management and risk management: A practical synergy.” In Proc., PMI 2004 Global Congress, 1–7. Prague, Czech Republic: PMI.
Hoffman, G. J., A. E. Thal Jr., T. S. Webb, and J. D. Weir. 2007. “Estimating performance time for construction projects.” J. Manage. Eng. 23 (4): 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2007)23:4(193).
Hwang, B. G., X. Zhao, and S. Y. Ong. 2015. “Value management in Singaporean building projects: Implementation status, critical success factors, and risk factors.” J. Manage. Eng. 31 (6): 04014094. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000342.
Ibadov, N. 2016. “Determination of the risk factors impact on the construction projects implementation using fuzzy sets theory.” Acta Phys. Pol. A 130 (1): 107–111. https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.130.107.
IPRA (Integrated Project Risk Assessment). 2013. “IR181-2: Implementation resource 181-2.” Accessed July 24, 2019. https://www.construction-institute.org/resources/knowledgebase/knowledge-areas/risk-analysis-for-international-projects-(best-practice)/topics/rt-181/pubs/ir181-2.
ISO. 2018. “ISO 31000: Risk management: Guidelines.” Accessed July 21, 2019. https://www.iso.org/standard/65694.html.
Jain, A., K. Nandakumar, and A. Ross. 2005. “Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems.” Pattern Recognit. 38 (12): 2270–2285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.01.012.
Jarkas, A. M. 2016. “Predicting contract duration for building construction: Is Bromilow’s time-cost model a panacea?” J. Manage. Eng. 32 (1): 05015004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000394.
Kamali, M., and K. Hewage. 2017. “Development of performance criteria for sustainability evaluation of modular versus conventional construction methods.” J. Cleaner Prod. 142 (Jan): 3592–3606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.108.
Karimi, H., T. R. Taylor, G. B. Dadi, P. M. Goodrum, and C. Srinivasan. 2018. “Impact of skilled labor availability on construction project cost performance.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 144 (7): 04018057. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001512.
KhodaBandehLou, A., A. Parvishi, R. Taghifam, M. Lotfi, and A. Taleei. 2016. “Integrating earned value management with risk management to control the time-cost of the project.” IIOAB J. 7 (S4): 114–119.
Khodeir, L. M., and A. H. M. Mohamed. 2015. “Identifying the latest risk probabilities affecting construction projects in Egypt according to political and economic variables. From January 2011 to January 2013.” HBRC J. 11 (1): 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2014.03.007.
Kim, B. C., and K. F. Reinschmidt. 2011. “Combination of project cost forecasts in earned value management.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 137 (11): 958–966. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000352.
Kim, E., W. G. Wells Jr, and M. R. Duffey. 2003. “A model for effective implementation of earned value management methodology.” Int. J. Project Manage. 21 (5): 375–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00049-2.
Kivilä, J., M. Martinsuo, and L. Vuorinen. 2017. “Sustainable project management through project control in infrastructure projects.” Int. J. Project Manage. 35 (6): 1167–1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.02.009.
Ko, C. H., and M. Y. Cheng. 2007. “Dynamic prediction of project success using artificial intelligence.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 133 (4): 316–324. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2007)133:4(316).
KPMG. 2015. “Global construction survey 2015: Climbing the curve. KPMG international.” Accessed July 22, 2019. https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/05/construction-survey-201502.pdf.
Kwak, Y. H., and F. T. Anbari. 2010. Project management in government: An introduction to earned value management. Washington, DC: IBM Center for the Business of Government.
Lee, S. H., S. R. Thomas, and R. L. Tucker. 2004. “Effective practice utilization using performance prediction software.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 130 (4): 576–585. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:4(576).
Leon, H., H. Osman, M. Georgy, and M. Elsaid. 2018. “System dynamics approach for forecasting performance of construction projects.” J. Manage. Eng. 34 (1): 04017049. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000575.
Leung, I., M. Song, and C. Kam. 2017. “AEC project performance prediction and validation using the artificial neural network.” In Computing in Civil Engineering 2017, 360–367. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Ling, F. Y., S. P. Low, S. Wang, and T. Egbelakin. 2008. “Models for predicting project performance in China using project management practices adopted by foreign AEC firms.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 134 (12): 983–990. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:12(983).
Ling, F. Y. Y., S. L. Chan, E. Chong, and L. P. Ee. 2004. “Predicting performance of design-build and design-bid-build projects.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 130 (1): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:1(75).
Lipke, W., O. Zwikael, K. Henderson, and F. Anbari. 2009. “Prediction of project outcome: The application of statistical methods to earned value management and earned schedule performance indexes.” Int. J. Project Manage. 27 (4): 400–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.02.009.
Liu, B., T. Huo, J. Meng, J. Gong, Q. Shen, and T. Sun. 2016a. “Identification of key contractor characteristic factors that affect project success under different project delivery systems: Empirical analysis based on a group of data from China.” J. Manage. Eng. 32 (1): 05015003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000388.
Liu, J., X. Zhao, and P. Yan. 2016b. “Risk paths in international construction projects: Case study from Chinese contractors.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 142 (6): 05016002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001116.
Manfreda, K. L., M. Bosnjak, J. Berzelak, I. Haas, and V. Vehovar. 2008. “Web surveys versus other survey modes: A meta-analysis comparing response rates.” Int. J. Market Res. 50 (1): 79–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/147078530805000107.
Marle, F., and L. A. Vidal. 2016. Managing complex, high-risk projects. London: Springer.
Mills, A. 2001. “A systematic approach to risk management for construction.” Struct. Surv. 19 (5): 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800110412615.
Mortaji, S. T. H., R. Noorossana, and M. Bagherpour. 2015. “Project completion time and cost prediction using change point analysis” J. Manage. Eng. 31 (5): 04014086. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000329.
Mostafavi, A., D. Abraham, S. Noureldin, G. Pankow, J. Novak, R. Walker, and B. George. 2013. “Risk-based protocol for inspection of transportation construction projects undertaken by state departments of transportation.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 139 (8): 977–986. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000664.
NIST/SEMATECH. 2018. “e-handbook of statistical methods.” Accessed November 5, 2018. http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
Ogaji, D. S., E. O. Mabel, and A. D. Adesina. 2018. “Situational analysis of patient safety culture in public health institutions in South-South Nigeria.” SM J. Public Health Epidemiol. 4 (1): 1049.
Oh, E. H., N. Naderpajouh, M. Hastak, and S. Gokhale. 2016. “Integration of the construction knowledge and expertise in front-end planning.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 142 (2): 04015067. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001050.
Olawale, Y., and M. Sun. 2013. “PCIM: Project control and inhibiting-factors management model.” J. Manage. Eng. 29 (1): 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000125.
Olawale, Y. A., and M. Sun. 2010. “Cost and time control of construction projects: Inhibiting factors and mitigating measures in practice.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 28 (5): 509–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446191003674519.
Palisade. 2018. “RISK for risk analysis.” Accessed October 5, 2018. http://www.palisade.com/risk/.
Pereira, E., S. Ahn, S. Han, and S. Abourizk. 2018. “Identification and association of high-priority safety management system factors and accident precursors for proactive safety assessment and control.” J. Manage. Eng. 34 (1): 04017041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000562.
Perrenoud, A., B. C. Lines, J. Savicky, and K. T. Sullivan. 2017. “Using best-value procurement to measure the impact of initial risk-management capability on qualitative construction performance.” J. Manage. Eng. 33 (5): 04017019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000535.
PMI (Project Management Institute). 2005. Practice standard for earned value management. Newton Square, PA: PMI.
PMI (Project Management Institute). 2013. A guide to the project management body of knowledge. 5th ed. Newtown Square, PA: PMI.
PMI (Project Management Institute). 2017a. “Success rates rise: Transforming the high cost of low performance.” Accessed July 24, 2019. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/thought-leadership/pulse/pulse-of-the-profession-2017.pdf.
PMI (Project Management Institute). 2017b. A guide to the project management body of knowledge. 6th ed. Newtown Square, PA: PMI.
PMI (Project Management Institute). 2018. “Success in disruptive time: Expanding the value delivery landscape to address the high cost of law performance.” Accessed July 22, 2019. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/thought-leadership/pulse/pulse-of-the-profession-2018.pdf.
Qualtrics. 2019. “Sample size calculator.” Accessed July 19, 2019. https://www.qualtrics.com/blog/calculating-sample-size/.
Rah, J. E., R. P. Manger, A. D. Yock, and G. Y. Kim. 2016. “A comparison of two prospective risk analysis methods: Traditional FMEA and a modified healthcare FMEA.” Med. Phys. 43 (12): 6347–6353. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4966129.
Randiwela, P., and S. T. Wijayaratne. 2017. “Determinants of perceived brand globalness: FMCG and airline services.” In Oxford Business and Economics Conf. 2017. Oxford, UK: Global Conference on Business & Economics (GCBE).
Rasul, N., M. S. A. Malik, B. Bakhtawar, and M. J. Thaheem. 2019. “Risk assessment of fast-track projects: A systems-based approach.” Int. J. Constr. Manage. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1602587.
Rudeli, N., A. Santilli, I. Puente, and E. Viles. 2017. “Statistical model for schedule prediction: Validation in a housing-cooperative construction database.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 143 (11): 04017083. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001396.
Russell, M. M., G. Howell, S. M. Hsiang, and M. Liu. 2013. “Application of time buffers to construction project task durations.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 139 (10): 04013008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000735.
Ryal-Net, M. B., and L. A. Kaduma. 2015. “Assessment of building information modelling (BIM) knowledge in the Nigerian construction industry.” Int. J. Civ. Environ. Eng. 15 (5): 1–10.
Sadafi, N., M. F. M. Zain, and M. Jamil. 2012. “Adaptable industrial building system: Construction industry perspective.” J. Archit. Eng. 18 (2): 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000075.
Samuel, J. 2017. “Construction industry still struggles to bridge the performance gap: KPMG survey.” Accessed July 24, 2019. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/media/press-releases/2017/10/construction-industry-still-struggles-to-bridge-the-performance-gap.html.
Srour, F. J., I. Srour, and M. G. Lattouf. 2017. “A survey of absenteeism on construction sites.” Int. J. Manpower 38 (4): 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2015-0135.
Stamatelatos, M., et al. 2011. Probabilistic risk assessment procedures guide for NASA managers and practitioners. Washington, DC: NASA Headquarters.
Sterman, J. D. 2000. Business dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Sunindijo, R. Y., and I. Kamardeen. 2017. “Work stress is a threat to gender diversity in the construction industry.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 143 (10): 04017073. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001387.
Tabish, S. Z. S., and K. N. Jha. 2018. “Beyond the iron triangle in public construction projects.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 144 (8): 04018067. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001517.
Taherdoost, H. 2017. “Determining sample size: How to calculate survey sample size.” Int. J. Econ. Manage. Syst. 2: 201.
Tan, Y., L. Shen, C. Langston, W. Lu, and M. CH Yam. 2014. “Critical success factors for building maintenance business: A Hong Kong case study.” Facilities 32 (5/6): 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-08-2012-0062.
Tereso, A., P. Ribeiro, and M. Cardoso. 2018. “An automated framework for the integration between EVM and risk management.” J. Inf. Syst. Eng. Manage. 3 (1): 03.
Terry, S. B., and G. Lucko. 2012. “Algorithm for time-cost trade/off analysis in construction projects by aggregating activity-level singularity functions.” In Proc., 2012 Construction Research Congress, 226–235. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Vaagen, H., M. Kaut, and S. W. Wallace. 2017. “The impact of design uncertainty in engineer-to-order project planning.” Eur. J. Oper. Res. 261 (3): 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.03.005.
Vanhoucke, M. 2012. Project management with dynamic scheduling. Berlin: Springer.
Vose, D. 1996. Quantitative risk analysis: A guide to Monte Carlo simulation modelling. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Wei, H. H., M. Liu, M. J. Skibniewski, and V. Balali. 2016. “Prioritizing sustainable transport projects through multicriteria group decision making: Case study of Tianjin Binhai New Area, China.” J. Manage. Eng. 32 (5): 04016010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000449.
Wilks, D. S. 2011. Vol. 100 of Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences. Oxford: Academic Press.
Wu, C. L., D. P. Fang, P. C. Liao, J. W. Xue, Y. Li, and T. Wang. 2015. “Perception of corporate social responsibility: The case of Chinese international contractors.” J. Cleaner Prod. 107 (Nov): 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.143.
Yates, J. K. 2014. “Design and construction for sustainable industrial construction.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 140 (4): B4014005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000673.
Zeb, A., A. Qudoos, and H. Hanif. 2015. “Identification and analysis of factors affecting machinery in the construction industry of Pakistan.” Int. J. Sci.: Basic Appl. Res. 19 (1): 269–278.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 146 • Issue 5 • May 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 24, 2019
Accepted: Sep 20, 2019
Published online: Feb 17, 2020
Published in print: May 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Jul 17, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.