Technical Papers
Jul 30, 2018

Work Values across Generations among Construction Professionals in the United States

Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 144, Issue 10

Abstract

Employees hold a range of attitudes and beliefs about their work life. This paper’s contribution to the overall body of knowledge is to further the understanding of how construction professionals’ work values are influenced by generational status. Improved understanding of the relationship between work values and generations can inform construction companies’ support for current employees and recruitment of new employees. This study collected survey data to investigate the work values of construction professionals. The data were explored to examine similarities and differences in responses based on membership in a specific generation (e.g., baby boomer or Generation Xer). Prior research regarding work values and generational status presents mixed findings, with some studies reporting differences and others finding no differences among generations. Analysis of this survey data revealed very few differences among generations, suggesting that construction companies adapting practices based solely on generational status may be doing so to their detriment. The results contribute to the growing body of research that explores generational differences in work values.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

Data generated or analyzed during the study are available from the corresponding author by request. Information about the Journal’s data sharing policy can be found here: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001263.

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the contributions of Tyler Beach to the broader research on the work values of construction professional staff through his technical report on the topic. In addition, the authors launched a Workforce Challenges community of practice at Virginia Tech and have gained many insights from interacting with this group. Particularly, the authors thank Paul Carter, who serves as the industry lead of that group. Finally, the authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for supporting this work under CAREER Grant Nos. EEC-1351156 and EEC-1463802. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

References

Ariaratnam, S., and H. Barger. 2005. Attracting, recruiting, and retaining top quality construction leaders/managers. Austin, TX: Construction Industry Institute.
Bouwkamp-Memmer, J. C., S. C. Whiston, and P. J. Hartung. 2013. “Work values and job satisfaction of family physicians.” J. Vocat. Behav. 82 (3): 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.02.001.
Brown, D. 2002. “The role of work and cultural values in occupational choice, satisfaction, and success: A theoretical statement.” In Career Choice and Development. 4th ed., edited by D. Brown and Associates, 465–509. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2017a. “Economic news release: Table 18. Annual quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted.” Accessed July 27, 2017. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.t18.htm.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2017b. “Employed persons by industry, sex, race, and occupation.” Accessed July 27, 2017. https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat17.htm.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2017c. “Occupational outlook handbook, 2016-17 edition: Construction managers.” Accessed July 26, 2017. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/construction-managers.htm.
Campbell, S. M., J. M. Twenge, and W. K. Campbell. 2017. “Fuzzy but useful constructs: Making sense of the differences between generations.” Work Aging Retirement 3 (2): 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wax001.
Cattell, R. B. 1966. Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Cennamo, L., and D. Gardner. 2008. “Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person-organisation values fit.” J. Manage. Psychol. 23 (8): 891–906. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940810904385.
Chan, E. H., M. W. Chan, D. Scott, and A. T. Chan. 2002. “Educating the 21st century construction professionals.” J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. 128 (1): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2002)128:1(44).
Chen, P., and Y. Choi. 2008. “Generational differences in work values: A study of hospitality management.” Int. J. Contemp. Hospit. Manage. 20 (6): 595–615. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110810892182.
Chih, Y.-Y., K. Kiazad, L. Zhou, A. Capezio, M. Li, and S. L. D. Restubog. 2016. “Investigating employee turnover in the construction industry: A psychological contract perspective.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 142 (6): 04016006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001101.
Construction Industry Institute. 2004. Recruiting and retaining future engineering and construction leaders. Austin, TX: Construction Industry Institute.
Costanza, D. P., J. M. Badger, R. L. Fraser, J. B. Severt, and P. A. Gade. 2012. “Generational differences in work-related attitudes: A meta-analysis.” J. Bus. Psychol. 27 (4): 375–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-012-9259-4.
Costanza, D. P., and L. M. Finkelstein. 2015. “Generationally based differences in the workplace: Is there a there there?” Ind. Organ. Psychol. 8 (3): 308–323. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.15.
Crawford, L., E. French, and B. Lloyd-Walker. 2013. “From outpost to outback: Project career paths in Australia.” Int. J. Project Manage. 31 (8): 1175–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.03.003.
Dai, J., and P. M. Goodrum. 2012. “Generational differences on craft workers’ perceptions of the factors affecting labour productivity.” Can. J. Civil Eng. 39 (9): 1018–1026. https://doi.org/10.1139/l2012-053.
De Cooman, R., S. De Gieter, R. Pepermans, C. Du Bois, R. Caers, and M. Jegers. 2007. “Graduate teacher motivation for choosing a job in education.” Int. J. Educ. Vocational Guidance 7 (2): 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-007-9117-5.
Eyerman, R., and B. S. Turner. 1998. “Outline of a theory of generations.” Eur. J. Soc. Theory 1 (1): 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/136843198001001007.
Fanelli, D. 2012. “Negative results are disappearing from most disciplines and countries.” Scientometrics 90 (3): 891–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0494-7.
Francis, V., H. Lingard, and A. Gibson. 2004. A qualitative study of work-life experiences in the public and private sectors of the Australian construction industry: Final report. Brisbane, Australia: Construction Industry Institute Australia.
Franco, A., N. Malhotra, and G. Simonovits. 2014. “Publication bias in the social sciences: Unlocking the file drawer.” Science 345 (6203): 1502–1505. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484.
Galloway, P. D. 2004. “Innovation—Engineering a better engineer for today’s workforce.” Leadersh. Manage. Eng. 4 (4): 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4:4(127).
Gausepohl, S. 2016. “Tackling 4 key challenges of the multigenerational workforce.” Business News Daily. December 5, 2016.
Guenther, R. S. C., and C. J. Didion. 2014. Advancing diversity in the US industrial science and engineering workforce: Summary of a workshop. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Gutierrez, A. P., L. L. Candela, and L. Carver. 2012. “The structural relationships between organizational commitment, global job satisfaction, developmental experiences, work values, organizational support, and person-organization fit among nursing faculty.” J. Adv. Nurs. 68 (7): 1601–1614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05990.x.
Henderson, R. 2015. “Industry employment and output projections to 2024: Monthly labor review: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.” Accessed November 9, 2016. http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2015/article/industry-employment-and-output-projections-to-2024.htm.
Huemann, M., A. Keegan, and J. R. Turner. 2007. “Human resource management in the project-oriented company: A review.” Int. J. Project Manage. 25 (3): 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.10.001.
Hull, M. B. 2002. “Diversity discussions.” Leadersh. Manage. Eng. 2 (4): 26. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2002)2:4(26).
Kivrak, S., G. Arslan, I. Dikmen, and M. T. Birgonul. 2008. “Capturing knowledge in construction projects: Knowledge platform for contractors.” J. Manage. Eng. 24 (2): 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2008)24:2(87).
Langford, D., M. R. Hancock, R. F. Fellows, and A. W. Gale. 2014. Human resources management in construction. London: Routledge.
Levanon, G., B. Cheng, and M. Paterra. 2014. “The risk of future labor shortages in different occupations and industries in the United States.” Bus. Econ. 49 (4): 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1057/be.2014.35.
Lipman, V. 2017. “How to manage generational differences in the workplace.” Accessed February 2, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2017/01/25/how-to-manage-generational-differences-in-the-workplace/#1c17cd184cc4.
Lyons, S., C. A. Higgins, and L. Duxbury. 2010. “Work values: Development of a new three-dimensional structure based on confirmatory smallest space analysis.” J. Organ. Behav. 31 (7): 969–1002. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.658.
Lyons, S., and L. Kuron. 2014. “Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research.” J. Organ. Behav. 35 (S1): S139–S157. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1913.
Lyons, S., M. Urick, L. Kuron, and L. Schweitzer. 2015. “Generational differences in the workplace: There is complexity beyond the stereotypes.” Ind. Organ. Psychol. 8 (3): 346–356. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.48.
Mannheim, K. 1972. “The problem of generations.” In Essays on the sociology of knowledge, edited by P. Kecskemeti, 276–322. London: Routledge.
Mills, J., W. Bastalich, S. Franzway, J. Gill, and R. Sharp. 2006. “Engineering in Australia: An uncomfortable experience for women.” J. Women Minor. Sci. Eng. 12 (2–3): 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.v12.i2-3.30.
Morgan, G., and S. Idriss. 2012. “‘Corsages on their parents’ jackets’: Employment and aspiration among Arabic-speaking youth in western Sydney.” J. Youth Stud. 15 (7): 929–943. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.683405.
Parry, E., and P. Urwin. 2011. “Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence.” Int. J. Manage. Rev. 13 (1): 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00285.x.
Raja, J. Z., S. D. Green, R. Leiringer, A. Dainty, and S. Johnstone. 2013. “Managing multiple forms of employment in the construction sector: Implications for HRM.” Hum. Resour. Manage. J. 23 (3): 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2012.00202.x.
Real, K., A. D. Mitnick, and W. F. Maloney. 2010. “More similar than different: Millennials in the US building trades.” J. Bus. Psychol. 25 (2): 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9163-8.
Roose, K. 2017. “Executive mentors wanted. Only millennials need apply.” The New York Times. October 15, 2017.
Schein, E. H. 1992. Organizational culture and leadership. 2nd Ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Schleicher, D. J., S. D. Hansen, and K. E. Fox. 2011. “Job attitudes and work values.” In Vol. 3 of APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology: Maintaining, expanding, and contracting the organization, edited by S. Zedeck, 137–189. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Schwartz, S. H., and W. Bilsky. 1987. “Toward a universal psychological structure of human values.” J. Personality Soc. Psychol. 53 (3): 550–562. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.3.550.
Seering, J. S. 2008. “Analysis of the need for skilled workers in the construction industry.” Master’s thesis, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Management Operations and Management Dept., Univ. of Wisconsin-Stout.
Simmons, D. R., J. Iorio, J. E. Taylor, and D. Li. 2018. “Professional progression, company commitment, and project choice: An empirical investigation into professional staff values in construction.” In Proc., Construction Research Congress 2018. Alexandria, VA: ASCE.
Smithers, G. L., and D. H. T. Walker. 2000. “The effect of the workplace on motivation and demotivation of construction professionals.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 18 (7): 833–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900433113.
Smola, K. W., and C. D. Sutton. 2002. “Generational differences: Revisiting generational work values for the new millennium.” J. Organ. Behav. 23 (4): 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.147.
Strauss, W., and N. Howe. 1991. Generations: The history of America’s future, 1584 to 2069. New York: William Morrow.
Tao, L., C. Wu, Y.-H. Chiang, F. K.-W. Wong, and S. Liang. 2017. “Generational perceptions of freedom-related work values: Hong Kong’s implementation of a no-Saturday-site-work policy in construction.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 143 (7): 06017002.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001319.
Twenge, J. M., S. M. Campbell, B. J. Hoffman, and C. E. Lance. 2010. “Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing.” J. Manage. 36 (5): 1117–1142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309352246.
Zabel, K. L., B. B. Biermeier-Hanson, B. B. Baltes, B. J. Early, and A. Shepard. 2017. “Generational differences in work ethic: Fact or fiction?” J. Bus. Psychol. 32 (3): 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-016-9466-5.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 144Issue 10October 2018

History

Received: Nov 21, 2017
Accepted: Apr 23, 2018
Published online: Jul 30, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 30, 2018

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

P.E.
Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Tech, 1345 Perry St., Blacksburg, VA 24060 (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-2048. Email: [email protected]
Josh Iorio, Ph.D. [email protected]
Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Tech, 1345 Perry St., Blacksburg, VA 24060. Email: [email protected]
John E. Taylor, Ph.D., M.ASCE [email protected]
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Tech, 790 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332. Email: [email protected]
School of Architecture and Design, Virginia Tech, 1325 Perry St., Blacksburg, VA 24060. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share