Skip-Lot Acceptance Sampling Plans for Highway Construction and Materials
Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 138, Issue 7
Abstract
Current acceptance sampling plans for highway construction and materials require the sampling and testing of every individual lot (i.e., 100% of the lots are inspected). This approach is appropriate if the contractor is erratic. However, if the contractor is fairly consistent, skip-lot sampling suggests that only a fraction of the lots need to be tested. This paper presents an algorithm for developing skip-lot sampling plans for highway construction and materials acceptance. A skip-lot acceptance sampling plan has been developed and compared with AASHTO’s lot-by-lot acceptance plan. The analysis shows that skip-lot sampling reduces the amount of acceptance sampling and testing when the contractor has a history of delivering high-quality product. Rather than simply testing every lot for every acceptance quality characteristic, highway agencies can use skip-lot sampling to develop knowledge-based acceptance plans.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (1995). “Standard recommended practice for acceptance sampling plans for highway construction.” AASHTO Designation: R9-90, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (1996). Quality assurance guide specification, AASHTO, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2005). “Standard recommended practice for acceptance sampling plans for highway construction.” AASHTO Designation R9-05, Washington, DC.
American National Standards Institute/American Society for Quality Control (ANSI/ASQC). (1987). “An attribute skip-lot sampling program.” S1-1987, New York.
Anthony, R. M. (2004). “Analyzing sampling methodologies in semiconductor manufacturing.” M. S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Burati, J. L., Weed, R. M., Hughes, C. S., and Hill, H. S. (2004). “Evaluation of procedures for quality assurance specifications.” Publication No. FHWA-HRT-04-046, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
Chang, L.-M., and Hsie, M. (1995). “Developing acceptance-sampling methods for quality construction.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage.JCEMD4, 121(2), 246–253.
Dodge, H. F. (1943). “A sampling inspection plan for continuous production.” Ann. Math. Stat.AASTAD, 14(3), 264–279.
Dodge, H. F. (1955). “Skip-lot sampling plan.” Ind. Qual. Control, 11(5), 3–5IQCOAG.
Dodge, H. F., and Perry, R. L. (1971). “A system of skip-lot plans for lot-by-lot inspection.” Annual technical conference transactions, American Society for Quality Control, Milwaukee, 469–477.
Duncan, A. J. (1986). Quality control and industrial statistics, 5th Ed., Irwin, R. D., Homewood, IL.
Gharaibeh, N. G., Garber, S. I., and Liu, L. (2010). “Determining optimum sample size for percent-within-limits specifications.” Transportation Research Record 2151, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 77–83.
Hughes, C. S. (2005). “State construction quality assurance programs: a synthesis of highway practice.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 346, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Jagars-Cohen, C. A., Menches, C. L., Jangid, Y. K., and Caldas, C. H. (2009). “Priority-ranking workload reduction strategies to address challenges of transportation construction inspection.” Transportation Research Record 2098, Transportation Research BoardTRREDM, Washington, DC, 13–17.
Mahoney, J. P., and Backus, A. W. (2000). “QA specifications practices.” Rep. No. WA-RD 498.1, Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Seattle.
McCabe, B., AbouRizk, S., and Gavin, J. (2002). “Time of sampling strategies for asphalt pavement quality assurance.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage.JCEMD4, 128(1), 85–89.
Parker, R. D., and Kessler, L. (1981). “A modified skip-lot sampling plan.” J. Qual. Technol.JQUTAU, 13(1), 31–35.
Perry, R. L. (1970). “A system of skip-lot sampling plans for lot inspection.” Ph. D. thesis, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ.
Perry, R. L. (1973). “Skip-lot sampling plans.” J. Qual. Technol.JQUTAU, 5(3), 123–130.
Russell, J. S., Hanna, A. S., Nordheim, E. V., and Schmitt, R. L. (2001). “Testing and inspection levels for hot-mix asphaltic concrete overlays.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Rep. 447, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Stephens, K. S. (1995). “How to perform skip-lot and chain sampling.” American society for quality control, 2nd Ed., Vol. 4, Quality Press, Milwaukee.
Transportation Research Board (TRB). (2009). “Glossary of highway quality assurance terms.” Electronic Circular E-C137, Transportation Research Board, 4th Update, Washington, DC.
Weed, R. M. (1996). “Quality assurance software for the personal computer.” Publication No. FHWA-SA-96-026, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 138 • Issue 7 • July 2012
Pages: 791 - 796
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 2, 2010
Accepted: Sep 28, 2011
Published online: Sep 30, 2011
Published in print: Jul 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.