Reliability-Based Maintenance Strategy for Gusset Plate Connections in Steel Bridges Based on Life-Cost Optimization
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 34, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper focuses on the maintenance decision of vulnerable parts that need rehabilitating within the design service period under repetitive vehicular loads in steel bridges based on the time-variant performance deterioration and life-cost optimization. A practical life-cost reliability-based method was developed to characterize the performance deterioration of critical parts without and with maintenance, and then evaluate maintenance strategies according to life-cost indicators. The time-variant reliability index was mathematically derived according to the damage accumulation rule and life-cost optimization was established to determine the optimal maintenance strategy using particle swarm optimization. The developed method was effectively applied in the optimization analysis of the tube–gusset connection. Four maintenance measures, including plug welding, drilling the crack-stop hole, the welding plate, and changing the bolted channel–gusset connection, were used in longitudinal truss diaphragms of the Second Nanjing Yangzi Bridge and analyzed in a single form and in combination, respectively. It is observed that a single maintenance cannot protect the tube–gusset connection from damage failure within the expected service life (i.e., 100 years) for the restriction on the maintenance frequency, while the combined maintenances with bolted channel–gusset connection do much better than those with welded plate in protecting the detail from damage failure. The optimization results can provide an important basis for maintenance and design, where the optimal maintenance is effectively addressed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data of reliability analysis and design optimization are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
Support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51978156 is gratefully acknowledged. Additionally, this scientific work was supported by the CONSTRUCT unit (UID/ECI/04708/2019, FEDER, and FCT/MCTES) at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal. Special thanks are given to Professor You Dong at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China, for his valuable discussion in the research process.
References
AASHTO. 2012. AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Albuquerque, C., A. L. L. Silva, A. M. P. de Jesus, and C. Rui. 2015. “An efficient methodology for fatigue damage assessment of bridge details using modal superposition of stress intensity factors.” Int. J. Fatigue 81 (Dec): 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.07.002.
ANSYS. 2011. Advanced analysis techniques guide. Canonsburg, PA: ANSYS.
Badar, A. Q., B. S. Umre, and A. S. Junghare. 2012. “Reactive power control using dynamic particle swarm optimization for real power loss minimization.” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 41 (1): 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.03.030.
Chhabra, C., and K. K. Paliwal. 2014. “Search optimization using multiobjective particle swarm optimization.” Int. J. Sci. Res. 3 (7): 1345–1351.
Croce, P., and D. Pellegrini. 2015. “Fatigue behavior of stiffener to cross beam joints in orthotropic steel decks.” Procedia Eng. 101: 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.02.014.
Dong, Y., and D. M. Frangopol. 2016. “Probabilistic time-dependent multihazard life-cycle assessment and resilience of bridges considering climate change.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (5): 04016034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000883.
Eamon, C. D., E. A. Jensen, N. F. Grace, and X. Shi. 2012. “Life-cycle cost analysis of alternative reinforcement materials for bridge superstructures considering cost and maintenance uncertainties.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 24 (4): 373–380. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000398.
Frangopol, D. M., J. S. Kong, and E. S. Gharaibeh. 2001. “Reliability-based life-cycle management of highway bridges.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng. 15 (1): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2001)15:1(27).
Frangopol, D. M., and M. Liu. 2007. “Maintenance and management of civil infrastructure based on condition, safety, optimization, and life-cycle cost∗.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 3 (1): 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470500253164.
Frangopol, D. M., A. Strauss, and S. Kim. 2008. “Bridge reliability assessment based on monitoring.” J. Bridge Eng. 13 (3): 258–270. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:3(258).
Fu, Z., Y. Wang, B. Ji, and F. Jiang. 2019. “Effects of multiaxial fatigue on typical details of orthotropic steel bridge deck.” Thin Walled Struct. 135 (Feb): 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.10.035.
Guo, T., and Y. Chen. 2013. “Fatigue reliability analysis of steel bridge details based on field-monitored data and linear elastic fracture mechanism.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 9 (5): 496–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2011.568508.
Guo, T., D. M. Frangopol, D. Han, and Y. Chen. 2010. “Probabilistic assessment of deteriorating prestressed concrete box-girder bridges under increased vehicle loads and aggressive environment.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 25 (6): 564–576. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000174.
Guo, T., J. Liu, and L. Huang. 2016a. “Investigation and control of excessive cumulative girder movements of long-span steel suspension bridges.” Eng. Struct. 125 (Oct): 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.003.
Guo, T., Z. Liu, J. Liu, and D. Han. 2016b. “Diagnosis and mitigation of fatigue damage in longitudinal diaphragms of cable-stayed bridges.” J. Bridge Eng. 21 (11): 05016007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000946.
Guo, T., Z. Liu, S. Pan, and Z. Pan. 2015. “Cracking of longitudinal diaphragms in long-span cable-stayed bridges.” J. Bridge Eng. 20 (11): 04015011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000771.
Han, S., W. Lee, and M. Bang. 2011. “Probabilistic optimal safety with minimum life-cycle cost based on stochastic finite element analysis of steel cable-stayed bridges.” Int. J. Steel Struct. 11 (3): 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-011-3008-9.
Heo, J. H., M. K. Kim, and J. K. Lyu. 2014. “Implementation of reliability-centered maintenance for transmission components using particle swarm optimization.” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 55 (Feb): 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.09.005.
Kendall, A., G. A. Keoleian, and G. E. Helfand. 2008. “Integrated life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis model for concrete bridge deck applications.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 14 (3): 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2008)14:3(214).
Kong, J. S., and D. M. Frangopol. 2003. “Life-cycle reliability-based maintenance cost optimization of deteriorating structures with emphasis on bridges.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (6): 818–828. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:6(818).
Kuroda, S. 1997. “Numerical simulation of flow around a box girder of a long span suspension bridge.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 67–68 (Apr–Jun): 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00076-7.
Larsen, A., S. Esdahl, J. E. Andersen, and V. Tina. 2000. “Storebælt suspension bridge–vortex shedding excitation and mitigation by guide vanes.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 88 (2–3): 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(00)00054-4.
Liu, M., and D. M. Frangopol. 2005. “Multiobjective maintenance planning optimization for deteriorating bridges considering condition, safety, and life-cycle cost.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (5): 833–842. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:5(833).
Miner, M. A. 1945. “Cumulative damage in fatigue.” J. Appl. Mech. 12 (3): A159–A164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-99854-6_35.
O’Connor, P., and A. Kleyner. 2011. Practical reliability engineering. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Wang, L., H. Jin, H. Dong, and J. Li. 2013. “Balance fatigue design of cast steel nodes in tubular steel structures.” Sci. World J. 2013: 421410. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/421410.
Wang, L., and C. Singh. 2009. “Reserve-constrained multiarea environmental/economic dispatch based on particle swarm optimization with local search.” Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 22 (2): 298–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2008.07.007.
Wang, Y., C. Huang, and Y. Feng. 2012. “Huangpu Pearl River Northern Channel Bridge, Guangzhou—The longest single-pylon cable-stayed bridge span in China.” Steel Const. 5 (1): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.201200007.
Yoshida, H., K. Kawata, Y. Fukuyama, S. Takayama, and Y. Nakanishi. 2000. “A particle swarm optimization for reactive power and voltage control considering voltage security assessment.” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 15 (4): 1232–1239. https://doi.org/10.1109/59.898095.
YuanZhou, Z., B. Ji, Z. Fu, S. Kainuma, and S. Tsukamoto. 2019. “Fatigue crack retrofitting by closing crack surface.” Int. J. Fatigue 119 (Feb): 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.10.006.
Zhou, G. D., T. H. Yi, and B. Chen. 2017. “Innovative design of a health monitoring system and its implementation in a complicated long-span arch bridge.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 30 (2): B4016006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000603.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 34 • Issue 5 • October 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 1, 2020
Accepted: Apr 7, 2020
Published online: Jun 23, 2020
Published in print: Oct 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Nov 23, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.