Restoration of Mireuksaji Stone Pagoda: Evaluation of Reinforced Granite Members with Titanium Bars
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 34, Issue 4
Abstract
Granite is one of the most common stones used historically in Korean architecture. Given the abundance of high-quality granite, more than 90% of the pagoda structures in Korea–tiered towers with multiple eaves—were built using this stone. Recognition and understanding of the structural behavior of this material are crucial for preservation of these pagodas. Hence, material properties of granite such as compressive and tensile strength, and Young’s modulus were investigated by conducting tests from quarries having undergone comparable differentiation processes with stones having similar mineral composition. To enhance the mechanical behavior of the stone and efficiency, a proposal to reinforce the stone through use of titanium bars was suggested. Subsequently, a series of experiments were also performed to determine strength dependency. Several pullout tests using resin epoxy were made to determine bond behavior between the two. Here, granite specimens were reinforced at the center of a single titanium bar having varied lengths and diameters. Experimental results indicated that upon reaching effective development length, larger embedment length did not result in increased tensile strength.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this paper was sponsored by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant No. 2015R1A5A1037548 and the Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering. The views expressed are those of authors and do not necessarily represent those of the sponsor.
References
Giaretton, M., D. Dizhur, F. da Porto, and J. Ingham. 2015. “Constituent material properties of New Zealand unreinforced stone masonry buildings.” J. Build. Eng. 4 (Dec): 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.08.005.
Golden, L. B., I. R. Lane, and W. L. Acherman. 1952. “Corrosion resistance of titanium, zirconium, and stainless steel.” Ind. Eng. Chem. 44 (8): 1930–1939. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50512a050.
Korea Industrial Standard. 2006. Split tensile strength test method of concrete. [In Korean.] KS F 2423. Seoul, Korea: Korean Standards Association.
Korea Industrial Standard. 2007. Compressive strength test method for hydraulic cement mortar. [In Korean.] KS L 5105. Seoul, Korea: Korean Standards Association.
Korea Industrial Standard. 2010a. Concrete compressive strength test method. [In Korean.] KS F 2405. Seoul, Korea: Korean Standards Association.
Korea Industrial Standard. 2010b. Method of making specimen for strength test of concrete. [In Korean.] KS F 2403. Seoul, Korea: Korean Standards Association.
Korean Industrial Association. 2003. Method of tensile test for metallic materials. [In Korean.] KS B 0802. Seoul, Korea: Korean Standards Association.
Korean Industrial Association. 2007. Test pieces for tensile test for metallic materials. [In Korean.] KS B 0801. Seoul, Korea: Korean Standards Association.
Ludovico-Marques, M., C. Chastre, and G. Vasconcelos. 2012. “Modelling the compressive mechanical behaviour of granite and sandstone historical building stones.” Constr. Build. Mater. 28 (1): 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.083.
Pereira, D., and B. J. Cooper. 2014. “Building stone as a part of a World Heritage Site:‘Piedra Pajarilla’ granite and the city of Salamanca, Spain.” Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 391 (1): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP391.3.
Venice Charter. 1964. “International charter for the conservation and restoration of monuments and sites.” In Monuments. Venice, Italy: UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre.
Yavartanoo, F., T. H.-K. Kang, S. Jeon, and S.-G. Hong. 2019. “Investigation of material and structural performance of Mireuksaji stone pagoda.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 33 (6): 04019059. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001326.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 14, 2019
Accepted: Jan 3, 2020
Published online: Apr 21, 2020
Published in print: Aug 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Sep 21, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.