Technical Papers
Aug 1, 2018

Building Inspection System for Evaluating the Technical Performance of Existing Buildings

Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 32, Issue 5

Abstract

The technical performance assessment of a building is essential for planning maintenance actions to improve its condition and functionality. The aim of this study is to present a building inspection system for evaluating the technical performance of existing buildings, considering the importance of the entire building and the interdependence of its parts. A questionnaire survey to identify the main defects that affect the technical performance of a building was administered. The system was then validated on a university campus that houses 22 buildings. The results revealed three main applications of the proposed system: a comprehensive asset analysis, a building operation analysis, and a risk analysis system.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil, Grant No. 233559/2014-0.

References

Abisuga, A. O., I. O. Famakin, and O. S. Oshodi. 2016. “Educational building conditions and the health of users.” Constr. Econ. Build. 16 (4): 19. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v16i4.4979.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2017. Guide to the code for evaluation, repair, and rehabilitation of concrete buildings. ACI 562-13. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Akcamete, A., X. Liu, B. Akinci, and J. H. Garrett Jr.2011. “Integrating and visualizing maintenance and repair work orders in BIM: Lessons learned from a prototype.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (CONVR 2011). Weimar, Germany: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar.
Aljassmi, H., and S. Han. 2013. “Analysis of causes of construction defects using fault trees and risk importance measures.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 139 (7): 870–880. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000653.
Ascione, F., N. Bianco, R. F. De Masi, F. de’Rossi, and G. P. Vanoli. 2015. “Energy retrofit of an educational building in the ancient center of Benevento: Feasibility study of energy savings and respect of the historical value.” Energy Build. 95: 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.072.
Augenbroe, G., and C.-S. Park. 2005. “Quantification methods of technical building performance.” Build. Res. Inf. 33 (2): 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/0961321042000325327.
Azar, E., C. Nikolopoulou, and S. Papadopoulos. 2016. “Integrating and optimizing metrics of sustainable building performance using human-focused agent-based modeling.” Appl. Energy 183: 926–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.022.
Balaras, C. A., and A. A. Argiriou. 2002. “Infrared thermography for building diagnostics.” Energy Build. 34 (2): 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00105-0.
Bortolini, R., N. Forcada, and M. Macarulla. 2016. “BIM for the integration of building maintenance management: A case study of a university campus.” In Proc., 11th European Conf. on Product & Process Modeling (ECPPM).
Bromann, M. 2010. Fire protection for commercial facilities. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Buildings Department. 2012. “Mandatory building inspection scheme and mandatory window inspection scheme.” Accessed January 24, 2018. http://www.bd.gov.hk/english/documents/code/CoP_MBIS_MWISe.pdf.
Cecconi, F. R., S. Maltese, and M. C. Dejaco. 2017. “Leveraging BIM for digital built environment asset management.” Innovative Infrastruct. Solutions 2 (1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-017-0061-z.
Chai, C., J. de Brito, P. L. Gaspar, and A. Silva. 2014. “Predicting the service life of exterior wall painting: Techno-economic analysis of alternative maintenance strategies.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 140 (3): 4013057. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000812.
Chew, M. Y. L., and N. De Silva. 2004. “Factorial method for performance assessment of building facades.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 130 (4): 525–533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:4(525).
Chong, W.-K., and S.-P. Low. 2006. “Latent building defects: Causes and design strategies to prevent them.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 20 (3): 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:3(213).
CIB. 1993. Building pathology: A state-of-the-art report. CIB Working Commission W86. Delft, Netherlands: CIB.
CIB. 2013. A state-of-the-art report on building pathology. CIB Working Commission W86. Delft, Netherlands: CIB.
Costa Branco De Oliveira Pedro, J. A., J. Vasconcelos de Paiva, and A. José Dâmaso Santos Matos Vilhena. 2008. “Portuguese method for building condition assessment.” Struct. Surv. 26 (4): 322–335. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800810906566.
Das, S., and M. Y. L. Chew. 2011. “Generic method of grading building defects using FMECA to improve maintainability decisions.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 25 (6): 522–533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000206.
Department of Territory and Sustainability. 2015. Decreto 67/2015, de 5 de mayo, para el fomento del deber de conservación, mantenimiento y rehabilitación de los edificios de viviendas mediante las inspecciones técnicas y el libro del edificio. Barcelona, Spain: Diari Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya.
Domingues, P., P. Carreira, R. Vieira, and W. Kastner. 2015. “Building automation systems: Concepts and technology review.” Comput. Stand. Interfaces 45: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2015.11.005.
Douglas, J. 1996. “Building performance and its relevance to facilities management.” Facilities 14 (3/4): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779610112508.
Douglas, J., B. Ransom, and W. Ransom. 2013. Understanding building failures: Construction. New York: Routledge.
Duffuaa, S. O., A. Raouf, and J. Campbell. 2015. Planning and control of maintenance systems: Modelling and analysis. New York: Wiley.
East, E. W., N. Nisbet, and T. Liebich. 2012. “The facility management handover model view.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng. 27 (1): 139. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000196.
Fellows, R. F., and A. M. Liu. 2015. Research methods for construction. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Ferraz, G. T., J. de Brito, V. P. de Freitas, and J. D. Silvestre. 2016. “State-of-the-art review of building inspection systems.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (5): 4016018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000839.
Fox, M., D. Coley, S. Goodhew, and P. De Wilde. 2014. “Thermography methodologies for detecting energy related building defects.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 40: 296–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.188.
Gaspar, K., M. Casals, and M. Gangolells. 2016. “Classifying system for façades and anomalies.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (1): 4014187. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000693.
Gaspar, P. L., and J. de Brito. 2008. “Quantifying environmental effects on cement-rendered facades: A comparison between different degradation indicators.” Build. Environ. 43 (11): 1818–1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.10.022.
Georgiou, J., P. E. D. Love, and J. Smith. 1999. “A comparison of defects in houses constructed by owners and registered builders in the Australian State of Victoria.” Struct. Surv. 17 (3): 160–169.
Grussing, M. N., and L. Y. Liu. 2014. “Knowledge-based optimization of building maintenance, repair, and renovation activities to improve facility life cycle investments.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 28 (3): 539–548. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000449.
Han, S., P. E. D. Love, and F. Pena-Mora. 2013. “A system dynamics model for assessing the impacts of design errors in construction projects.” Math. Comput. Modell. 57 (9–10): 2044–2053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2011.06.039.
Hovde, P. J., and K. Moser. 2004. Performance based methods for service life prediction. Trondheim, Norway: Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology.
Josephson, P.-E., B. Larsson, and H. Li. 2002. “Illustrative benchmarking rework and rework costs in Swedish construction industry.” J. Manage. Eng. 18 (2): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2002)18:2(76).
Kassem, M., G. Kelly, N. Dawood, M. Serginson, and S. Lockley. 2015. “BIM in facilities management applications: A case study of a large university complex.” Built Environ. Project Asset Manage. 5 (3): 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-02-2014-0011.
Kim, C., T. Park, H. Lim, and H. Kim. 2013. “On-site construction management using mobile computing technology.” Autom. Constr. 35: 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.05.027.
Korpela, J., R. Miettinen, T. Salmikivi, and J. Ihalainen. 2015. “The challenges and potentials of utilizing building information modelling in facility management: The case of the Center for Properties and Facilities of the University of Helsinki.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 33 (1): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2015.1016540.
Lee, S., and O. Akin. 2011. “Augmented reality-based computational fieldwork support for equipment operations and maintenance.” Autom. Constr. 20 (4): 338–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.004.
Li, Y., and T. Taylor. 2014. “Modeling the impact of design rework on transportation infrastructure construction project performance.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 140 (9): 04014044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000878.
Lin, K.-Y., M.-H. Tsai, U. C. Gatti, J. Je-Chian Lin, C.-H. Lee, and S.-C. Kang. 2014. “A user-centered information and communication technology (ICT) tool to improve safety inspections.” Autom. Constr. 48: 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.08.012.
Love, P. E. D. 2002. “Influence of project type and procurement method on rework costs in building construction projects.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 128 (1): 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2002)128:1(18).
Love, P. E. D., D. J. Edwards, and J. Smith. 2015. “Rework causation: Emergent theoretical insights and implications for research.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 142 (6): 4016010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001114.
Lützkendorf, T., T. Speer, F. Szigeti, G. Davis, P. Le Roux, A. Kato, and K. Tsunekawa. 2005. “A comparison of international classifications for performance requirements and building performance categories used in evaluation methods.” In Proc., 11th Joint CIB Int. Symp. Helsinki, Finland.
Macarulla, M., N. Forcada, M. Casals, M. Gangolells, A. Fuertes, and X. Roca. 2013. “Standardizing housing defects: Classification, validation, and benefits.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 139 (8): 968–976. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000669.
Macarulla, M., N. Forcada, M. Casals, and S. Kubicki. 2012. “Tracking construction defects based on images.” In eWork and eBusiness in architecture, engineering and construction, 723–729. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Madureira, S., I. Flores-Colen, J. de Brito, and C. Pereira. 2017. “Maintenance planning of facades in current buildings.” Constr. Build. Mater. 147: 790–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.195.
Malaysia Government. 2009. Manual Pengurusan Aset Menyeluruh. Pekeliling Am Bilangan 1 Tahun 2009. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Kerajaan Malaysia.
Mills, A., P. E. Love, and P. Williams. 2009. “Defect costs in residential construction.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 135 (1): 12–16. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2009)135:1(12).
Motamedi, A., A. Hammad, and Y. Asen. 2014. “Knowledge-assisted BIM-based visual analytics for failure root cause detection in facilities management.” Autom. Constr. 43: 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.03.012.
Motawa, I., and A. Almarshad. 2013. “A knowledge-based BIM system for building maintenance.” Autom. Constr. 29: 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.09.008.
Neto, N., and J. De Brito. 2012. “Validation of an inspection and diagnosis system for anomalies in natural stone cladding (NSC).” Constr. Build. Mater. 30: 224–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.032.
OmniClass. 2012. “OmniClass: A strategy for classifying the built environment.” Accessed January 24, 2018. http://www.omniclass.org.
Park, S. T., and B. S. Yang. 2010. “An implementation of risk-based inspection for elevator maintenance.” J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 24 (12): 2367–2376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-010-1004-1.
Pereira, A., F. Palha, J. De Brito, and J. D. Silvestre. 2011. “Inspection and diagnosis system for gypsum plasters in partition walls and ceilings.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (4): 2146–2156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.015.
Pereira, C., J. De Brito, and J. R. Correia. 2013. “Building characterization and degradation condition of secondary industrial schools.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 29 (5): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000622.
RICS (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors). 2009. Building maintenance: strategy, planning and procurement. Coventry, UK: RICS.
RICS (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors). 2010. Building surveys and technical due diligence of commercial property. Coventry, UK: RICS.
Rodrigues, M. F. S., J. M. C. Teixeira, and J. C. P. Cardoso. 2011. “Buildings envelope anomalies: A visual survey methodology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (5): 2741–2750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.029.
Ruparathna, R., K. Hewage, and R. Sadiq. 2017. “Developing a level of service (LOS) index for operational management of public buildings.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 34: 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.06.015.
Santos, A., M. Vicente, J. de Brito, I. Flores-Colen, and A. Castelo. 2017. “Inspection, diagnosis, and rehabilitation system of door and window frames.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 31 (3): 4016118. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000992.
Serralheiro, M. I., J. de Brito, and A. Silva. 2017. “Methodology for service life prediction of architectural concrete facades.” Constr. Build. Mater. 133: 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.079.
Shohet, I. M., and S. Lavy. 2004. “Healthcare facilities management: State of the art review.” Facilities 22 (7/8): 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770410547570.
Silva, A., J. de Brito, and P. L. Gaspar. 2016. Methodologies for service life prediction of buildings: Green energy and technology. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Silva, C., F. Coelho, J. De Brito, J. Silvestre, and C. Pereira. 2017. “Inspection, diagnosis, and repair system for architectural concrete surfaces.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 31 (5): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001034.
Sommerville, J., and J. McCosh. 2006. “Defects in new homes: An analysis of data on 1, 696 new UK houses.” Struct. Surv. 24 (1): 6–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800610654397.
Sulakatko, V., I. Lill, E. Soekov, R. Arhipova, E. Witt, and E. Liisma. 2014. “Towards nearly zero-energy buildings through analyzing reasons for degradation of facades.” Procedia Econ. Finance 18: 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00980.
Sullivan, G., R. Pugh, A. P. Melendez, and W. D. Hunt. 2010. Operations & maintenance best practices, 321. Richland, WA: US Dept. of Energy, Federal Energy Management Program.
Taneja, S., et al. 2011. “Sensing and field data capture for construction and facility operations.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 137 (10): 870–881. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000332.
Taylor, T., and D. N. Ford. 2006. “Tipping point failure and robustness in single development projects.” Syst. Dyn. Rev. 22 (1): 51–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.33010.1002/sdr.330.
van der Heijden, J. 2009. “International comparative analysis of building regulations: An analytical tool.” Int. J. Law Built Environ. 1 (1): 9–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/17561450910950223.
Vásquez-Hernández, A., M. Fernando, and R. Álvarez. 2017. “Evaluation of buildings in real conditions of use: Current situation.” J. Build. Eng. 12: 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.04.019.
Vieira, S. M., A. Silva, J. M. C. Sousa, J. De Brito, and P. L. Gaspar. 2015. “Modelling the service life of rendered facades using fuzzy systems.” Autom. Constr. 51: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.12.011.
Walter, A., J. De Brito, and J. G. Lopes. 2005. “Current flat roof bituminous membranes waterproofing systems: Inspection, diagnosis and pathology classification.” Constr. Build. Mater. 19 (3): 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.05.008.
Watt, D. 1999. Building pathology: Principles and practice. New York: Wiley.
Yam, R. C. M., P. W. Tse, L. Li, and P. Tu. 2001. “Intelligent predictive decision support system for condition-based maintenance.” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 17 (5): 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001700170173.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 32Issue 5October 2018

History

Received: Dec 7, 2017
Accepted: May 4, 2018
Published online: Aug 1, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jan 1, 2019

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Ph.D. Researcher, Dept. of Project and Construction Engineering, Group of Construction Research and Innovation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Colom, 11, Ed. TR5, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6911-4423. Email: [email protected]
Núria Forcada [email protected]
Associate Professor, Dept. of Project and Construction Engineering, Group of Construction Research and Innovation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Colom, 11, Ed. TR5, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share