Controlling Residual Drift in BRBFs by Combining SCCBFs in Parallel
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 32, Issue 4
Abstract
Buckling-restrained brace frames (BRBFs) exhibit well-controlled seismic demands due to their excellent energy dissipating capacity. However, excessive residual deformation is prone to accumulate in such framing systems after earthquakes. This poses a critical challenge to the postevent resilience and reparability. Self-centering concentrically braced frames (SCCBFs) are known for their outstanding capability to recover from large inelastic deformation. Therefore, combining SCCBFs in parallel suggests a promising strategy for BRBFs to reduce residual deformation demand. To this end, numerical studies are carried out to investigate the seismic control effect of SCCBFs for the BRBFs, particularly the influence on the residual deformation demand. This paper indicates that the BRBFs benefit remarkably from the engagement of SCCBFs by substantially reducing residual deformation. Furthermore, the combined frames exhibit residual deformation less than the out-of-plumb and reparability limits. In addition, parametric analyses of the hysteretic parameters of SCCBFs show that small values of both postyield stiffness ratio and energy-dissipation coefficient are more favorable from the perspective of control residual deformation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M622206), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (No. ZR2017BEE004), the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (No. 2016HW011), and the Open Fund of National Engineering Technology Research Center for Prefabrication Constructions in Civil Engineering and Special Fund of Prof. Zuyan Shen (No. 2014CPCCE-K03). The findings and opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and not necessarily the views of the sponsors.
References
Ariyaratana, C., and L. A. Fahnestock. 2011. “Evaluation of buckling-restrained braced frame seismic performance considering reserve strength.” Eng. Struct. 33 (1): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.020.
ASCE. 2010. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Cancellara, D., and F. De Angelis. 2012. “Steel braces in series with hysteretic dampers for reducing the seismic vulnerability of RC existing buildings: Assessment and retrofitting with a nonlinear model.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 204: 2677–2689. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.204-208.2677.
Castaldo, P., B. Palazzo, and F. Perri. 2015. “FEM simulations of a new hysteretic damper: The dissipative column.” Ingegneria Sismica 33 (1): 34–45.
Christopoulos, C., A. Filiatrault, and B. Folz. 2002. “Seismic response of self-centring hysteretic SDOF systems.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 31 (5): 1131–1150. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.152.
Christopoulos, C., S. Pampanin, and M. J. N. Priestley. 2003. “Performance-based seismic response of frame structures including residual deformations. Part I: Single-degree of freedom systems.” J. Earthquake Eng. 7 (1): 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460309350443.
Christopoulos, C., R. Tremblay, H. J. Kim, and M. Lacerte. 2008. “Self-centering energy dissipative bracing system for the seismic resistance of structures: Development and validation.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (1): 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(96).
DesRoches, R., J. McCormick, and M. Delemont. 2004. “Cyclic properties of superelastic shape memory alloy wires and bars.” J. Struct. Eng. 130 (1): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:1(38).
Dolce, M., D. Cardone, and R. Marnetto. 2000. “Implementation and testing of passive control devices based on shape memory alloys.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 29 (7): 945–968. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9845(200007)29:7%3C945::AID-EQE958%3E3.0.CO;2-.
Eatherton, M. R., and J. F. Hajjar. 2011. “Residual drifts of self-centering systems including effects of ambient building resistance.” Earthquake Spectra 27 (3): 719–744. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3605318.
Erochko, J., C. Christopoulos, R. Tremblay, and H. J. Kim. 2013. “Shake table testing and numerical simulation of a self-centering energy dissipative braced frame.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 42 (11): 1617–1635. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2290.
Fahnestock, L. A., J. M. Ricles, and R. Sause. 2007. “Experimental evaluation of a large-scale buckling-restrained braced frame.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (9): 1205–1214. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:9(1205).
Fang, C., W. Wang, C. He, and Y.-Y. Chen. 2017. “Self-centring behaviour of steel and steel-concrete composite connections equipped with NiTi SMA bolts.” Eng. Struct. 150: 390–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.067.
Fang, C., M. C. H. Yam, A. C. C. Lam, and L. K. Xie. 2014. “Cyclic performance of extended end-plate connections equipped with shape memory alloy bolts.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 94: 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.11.008.
Farmani, M. A., and M. Ghassemieh. 2017. “Steel beam-to-column connections equipped with SMA tendons and energy dissipating devices including shear tabs or web hourglass pins.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 135: 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.04.003.
Guo, T., Z. Cao, Z. Xu, and S. Lu. 2015a. “Cyclic load tests on self-centering concrete pier with external dissipators and enhanced durability.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (1): 04015088. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001357.
Guo, T., L.-L. Song, and G.-D. Zhang. 2015b. “Numerical simulation and seismic fragility analysis of a self-centering steel MRF with web friction devices.” J. Earthquake Eng. 19 (5): 731–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.1003437.
Hou, H.-T., H. Li, C.-X. Qiu, and Y.-C. Zhang. 2017. “Effect of hysteretic properties of SMAs on seismic behavior of self-centering concentrically braced frames.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 25 (3): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2110.
Judd, J. P., and F. A. Charney. 2016. “Seismic collapse prevention system for steel-frame buildings.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 118: 60–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.10.021.
Kari, A., M. Ghassemieh, and S. A. Abolmaali. 2011. “A new dual bracing system for improving the seismic behavior of steel structures.” Smart Mater. Struct. 20 (12): 125020. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/20/12/125020.
Kawashima, K., G. A. MacRae, J. Hoshikuma, and K. Nagaya. 1998. “Residual displacement response spectrum.” J. Struct. Eng. 124 (5): 523–530. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:5(523).
Kiggins, S., and C. M. Uang. 2006. “Reducing residual drift of buckling-restrained braced frames as a dual system.” Eng. Struct. 28 (11): 1525–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.10.023.
Longo, A., R. Montuori, and V. Piluso. 2012. “Theory of plastic mechanism control of dissipative truss moment frames.” Eng. Struct. 37: 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.046.
MacRae, G. A., and K. Kawashima. 1997. “Post-earthquake residual displacements of bilinear oscillators.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 26 (7): 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199707)26:7%3C701::AID-EQE671%3E3.0.CO;2-I.
MacRae, G. A., and K. Kawashima. 1997. “Post-earthquake residual displacements of bilinear oscillators.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 26 (7): 701–716.
McCormick, J., H. Aburano, M. Ikenaga, and M. Nakashima. 2008. “Permissible residual deformation levels for building structures considering both safety and human elements.” In Proc., 14th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Beijing, China.
Miller, D. J., L. A. Fahnestock, and M. R. Eatherton. 2012. “Development and experimental validation of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy self-centering buckling-restrained brace.” Eng. Struct. 40: 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.02.037.
Montuori, R., E. Nastri, and V. Piluso. 2016. “Preliminary analysis on the influence of the link configuration on seismic performances of MRF-EBF dual systems designed by TPMC.” Ingegneria Sismica. 33 (3): 52–64.
Neuenhofer, A., and F. C. Filippou. 1997. “Evaluation of nonlinear frame finite-element models.” J. Struct. Eng. 123 (7): 958–966. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:7(958).
Ozbulut, O. E., S. Hurlebaus, and R. DesRoches. 2011. “Seismic response control using shape memory alloys: A review.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 22 (14): 1531–1549. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11411220.
Pettinga, D., C. Christopoulos, S. Pampanin, and M. J. N. Priestley. 2007. “Effectiveness of simple approaches in mitigating residual deformations in buildings.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 36 (12): 1763–1783. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.717.
Phocas, M. C., and T. Sophocleous. 2012. “Numerical verification of a dual system’s seismic response.” Earthquake Struct. 3 (5): 749–766. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.5.749.
Purba, R., and M. Bruneau. 2015. “Seismic performance of steel plate shear walls considering two different design philosophies of infill plates. II: Assessment of collapse potential.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (6): 04014161. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001097.
Qiu, C.-X., and S. Zhu. 2014. “Characterization of cyclic properties of superelastic monocrystalline Cu–Al–Be SMA wires for seismic applications.” Constr. Build. Mater. 72: 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.065.
Qiu, C.-X., and S. Zhu. 2017a. “Performance-based seismic design of self-centering steel frames with SMA-based braces.” Eng. Struct. 130: 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.051.
Qiu, C.-X., and S. Zhu. 2017b. “Shake table test and numerical study of self-centering steel frame with SMA braces.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 46 (1): 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2777.
Qu, B., F. Sanchez-Zamora, and M. Pollino. 2014. “Mitigation of inter-story drift concentration in multi-story steel concentrically braced frames through implementation of rocking cores.” Eng. Struct. 70: 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.03.032.
Qu, Z., A. Wada, S. Motoyui, H. Sakata, and S. Kishiki. 2012. “Pin-supported walls for enhancing the seismic performance of building structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 41 (14): 2075–2091. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2175.
Qu, Z., A. Wada, and L. Ye. 2011. “Seismic retrofit of frame structures using rocking wall system.” [In Chinese.] J. Build. Struct. 32 (9): 11–19.
Ricles, J. M., R. Sause, M. M. Garlock, and Z. Chen. 2001. “Posttensioned seismic-resistant connections for steel frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 127 (2): 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:2(113).
Rojas, P., J. M. Ricles, and R. Sause. 2005. “Seismic performance of post-tensioned steel moment resisting frames with friction devices.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (4): 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:4(529).
Ruiz-García, J., and E. Miranda. 2006. “Evaluation of residual drift demands in regular multi-storey frames for performance-based seismic assessment.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 35 (13): 1609–1629. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.593.
Ruiz-García, J., and J. C. Negrete-Manriquez. 2011. “Evaluation of drift demands in existing steel frames under as-recorded far-field and near-fault mainshock–aftershock seismic sequences.” Eng. Struct. 33 (2): 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.11.021.
Sabelli, R. 2001. Research on improving the design and analysis of earthquake-resistant steel braced frames. Oakland, CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Sabelli, R., S. A. Mahin, and C. Chang. 2003. “Seismic demands on steel-braced buildings with buckling-restrained braces.” Eng. Struct. 25 (5): 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00175-X.
Sommerville, P. 1997. “Development of ground motion time histories for Phase 2 of the FEAM/SAC steel project.”. Sacramento, CA: SAC Joint Venture.
Song, G., N. Ma, and H.-N. Li. 2006. “Applications of shape memory alloys in civil structures.” Eng. Struct. 28 (9): 1266–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.12.010.
Titirla, M., K. Katakalos, G. Zuccaro, and F. Fabbroccino. 2017. “On the mechanical modeling of an innovative energy dissipation device.” Ingegneria Sismica 34 (2): 126–137.
Tremblay, R., M. Lacerte, and C. Christopoulos. 2008. “Seismic response of multistory buildings with self-centering energy dissipative steel braces.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (1): 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(108).
Uang, C. M., M. Bruneau, A. S. Whittaker, and K. C. Tsai. 2001. “Seismic design of steel structures.” In The seismic design handbook. Boston, MA: Springer.
Valente, M., C. A. Castiglioni, and A. Kanyilmaz. 2017. “Welded fuses for dissipative beam-to-column connections of composite steel frames: Numerical analyses.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 128: 498–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.09.003.
Zhou, Z., Q. Xie, X.-C. Lei, X.-T. He, and S.-P. Meng. 2015. “Experimental investigation of the hysteretic performance of dual-tube self-centering buckling-restrained braces with composite tendons.” J. Compos. Constr. 19 (6): 04015011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000565.
Zhu, S., and Y. Zhang. 2008. “Seismic analysis of concentrically braced frame systems with self-centering friction damping braces.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (1): 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(121).
Zhu, S., and Y. Zhang. 2013. “Loading rate effect on superelastic SMA-based seismic response modification devices.” Earthquake Struct. 4 (6): 607–627. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.4.6.607.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 32 • Issue 4 • August 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 20, 2017
Accepted: Jan 30, 2018
Published online: May 26, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 26, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.