Collapse of Damaged Steel Building Frames because of Earthquakes
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 32, Issue 1
Abstract
The present study investigated the vulnerability of damaged building frames to sway collapse under seismic excitation. Crucial to the investigation was the identification of the critical damage scenario that triggers complete or partial sway collapse. This was accomplished by a simulation procedure aided by genetic algorithm, plastic analysis, and pushover analysis of the frame. The procedure, genetic plastic pushover analysis (GPPA), enabled creation of various potential damage scenarios that lead to the collapse of the frame under response spectrum compatible earthquakes of different intensities, represented by the peak ground acceleration (PGA) values. The damage scenario, which required the least value of the PGA for collapse, was identified as the critical damage scenario. If a frame had a damage scenario the same as the critical damage scenario, then it was likely to collapse under a similar earthquake having a PGA equal to the least value of PGA as described previously. A 10-story steel building frame was used as an illustrative example to demonstrate the application of the method. The result of the study was validated by performing a nonlinear time history analysis for response spectrum compatible ground motion, and by comparing analytical prediction with existing test results available in the literature. The numerical results showed that there exist certain localized damages in a building frame that may trigger collapse, leading to complete failure under an earthquake. If the damage of the building can be evaluated beforehand, the building’s vulnerability to collapse under future earthquakes can be predicted using the methodology presented in this paper.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ATC (Applied Technological Council). (1996). “Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings.”, Redwood City, CA.
Baker, S. J., and Heyman, J. (1969). Plastic design of frames. I: Fundamentals, Vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, New York, 144–168.
Bandyopadhyay, M., Banik, A. K., and Datta, T. K. (2008). “Progressive collapse of three-dimensional semi-rigid jointed steel frames.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 04015051.
Darwin, C., and Bynum, W. F. (2009). The origin of species by means of natural selection: or, the preservation of favored races in the struggle for life, A.L. Burt, New York, 441–764.
Del Carpio, R., Mosqueda, G., and Lignos, D. G. (2016). “Seismic performance of a steel moment frame subassembly tested from the onset of damage through collapse.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 45(10), 1563–1580.
Domingues Costa, J. L., Bento, R., Levtchitch, V., and Nielsen, M. P. (2007). “Rigid-plastic seismic design of reinforced concrete structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(1), 55–76.
Ellingwood, B., and Leyendecker, E. (1978). “Approaches for design against progressive collapse.” J. Struct. Div., 104(3), 413–423.
FEMA. (2000). “Commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings.” FEMA-356, Washington, DC.
Fu, F. (2012). “Response of a multi-storey steel composite building with concentric bracing under consecutive column removal scenarios.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 70, 115–126.
Guoqing, X., and Ellingwood, B. R. (2011). “An energy-based partial pushdown analysis procedure for assessment of disproportionate collapse potential.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 67(3), 547–555.
Haberland, M., and Starossek, U. (2009). “Progressive collapse nomenclature.” ASCE-SEI Structures Congress, Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE, Reston, VA, 1886–1895.
Kwasniewski, L. (2010). “Nonlinear dynamic simulations of progressive collapse for a multistory building.” Eng. Struct., 32(5), 1223–1235.
Lignos, D. G., Krawinkler, H., and Whittaker, A. S. (2011). “Prediction and validation of sidesway collapse of two scale models of a 4-story steel moment frame.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(7), 807–825.
López, S. E., Ayala, A. G., and Adam, C. (2015). “A novel displacement-based seismic design method for framed structures considering P-Delta induced dynamic instability.” Bull. Earthquake Eng., 13(4), 1227–1247.
Málaga-Chuquitaype, C., Elghazouli, A. Y., and Bento, R. (2009). “Rigid-plastic models for the seismic design and assessment of steel framed structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(14), 1609–1630.
Málaga-Chuquitaype, C., Elghazouli, A. Y., and Enache, R. (2016). “Contribution of secondary frames to the mitigation of collapse in steel buildings subjected to extreme loads.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 12(1), 45–60.
Marjanishvili, S., and Agnew, E. (2006). “Comparison of various procedures for progressive collapse analysis.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 365–374.
Marjanishvili, S. M. (2004). “Progressive analysis procedure for progressive collapse.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 79–85.
MATLAB [Computer software]. MathWorks, Natick, MA.
Menchel, K., Massart, T. J., Rammer, Y., and Bouillard, P. (2009). “Comparison and study of different progressive collapse simulation techniques for RC structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 685–697.
Pearson, C., and Delatte, N. (2005). “Ronan point apartment tower collapse and its effect on building codes.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 172–177.
Powell, G. (2005). “Progressive collapse: Case studies using nonlinear analysis.” Structures Congress, Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–14.
SAP 2000 [Computer software]. Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Sharma, A., Reddy, G. R., Eligehausen, R., and Vaze, K. K. (2011). “Experimental and analytical investigation on seismic behavior of RC framed structure by pushover method.” Struct. Eng. Mech., 39(1), 125–145.
Tsai, K. C., and Popov, E. P. (1988). Steel beam-column joints in seismic moment resisting frames, Vol. 2, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Zareian, F., Krawinkler, H., Ibarra, L., and Lignos, D. (2010). “Basic concepts and performance measures in prediction of collapse of buildings under earthquake ground motions.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 19(1–2), 167–181.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 20, 2017
Accepted: Aug 8, 2017
Published online: Dec 8, 2017
Published in print: Feb 1, 2018
Discussion open until: May 8, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.