Out-of-Plane Behavior of Lightweight Metallic Sandwich Panels
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 31, Issue 5
Abstract
Sandwich panel systems offer many advantages over other conventional systems, which facilitate their use in several applications, including aerospace, naval, and transportation. The complexity and relatively high cost of sandwich panel system design and fabrication have limited its application in civil engineering applications. In accordance with North American standards for blast-resistant design of buildings, the dynamic behavior of a system can be predicted using its static resistance function obtained under equivalent uniform loading. The goal of this study was to quantify the quasi-static resistant function of novel cost effective lightweight cold-formed steel sandwich panels to be used in the context of blast-resistant structures. An analytical model has been introduced to predict the elastic characteristics of the proposed sandwich configurations and to assess the critical failure modes. In addition, an experimental program was performed involving eighteen sandwich panels under uniform quasi-static loading. Different configurations were investigated, including longitudinal and transverse corrugated core sandwich panels, using different deck profiles. The modes of failure experienced by the test panels were assessed and discussed and were found to be consistent with predicted failure modes. The quasi-static resistance functions for the proposed sandwich panel configurations were characterized in terms of yield loads and ultimate capacities and the corresponding displacement values. Analytically predicted values were compared to the experimental findings and found to be in a good agreement. The influence of sandwich panel core configuration and core sheet thickness on the behavior of the sandwich panels was examined, considering energy absorption and ductility. The results of the current study are expected to serve future development of cost-effective sandwich panels to be used as sacrificial cladding for the blast protection of structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). (2001). “North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.” Washington, DC.
Allen, H. G. (1969). Analysis and design of structural sandwich panels, Pergamon, London.
ASCE. (2012). “Blast protection of buildings.” ASCE/SEI 59-11, Reston, VA.
ASTM. (2013) “Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials.” ASTM E8/E8M-13a, West Conshohocken, PA.
Biggs, J. M. (1964). Introduction to structural dynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
CSA (Canadian Standards Assiocation). (2007). “North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.” CSA S136. Mississauga, ON, Canada.
CSA (Canadian Standards Assiocation). (2012). “Design and assessment of buildings subjected to blast loads.” CSA S850–12, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Dharmasena, K. P., et al. (2010). “Dynamic compression of metallic sandwich structures during planar impulsive loading in water.” Eur. J. Mech. - A/Solids, 29(1), 56–67.
Fung, T. C., Tan, K. H., and Lok, T. S. (1993). “Analysis of C-core sandwich plate decking.” Proc., 3rd Int. Offshore and Polar Engrg. Conf., 4, 244–249.
Fung, T. C., Tan, K. H., and Lok, T. S. (1993). “Elastic constants for Z-core sandwich panels.” J. Struct. Eng., 120(10), 3046–3055.
Hoo Fatt, M. S., and Surabhi, H. (2012). “Blast resistance and energy absorption of foam-core cylindrical sandwich shells under external blast.” J. Compos. Struct., 94(11), 3174–3185.
Kujala, P., and Klanac, A. (2005). “Steel sandwich panels in marine applications.” J. Nav. Archit. shipbuild. ind. (Brodogradnja), Zagreb, 56(4), 305–314.
Libove, C., and Hubka, R. E. (1951). “Elastic constants for corrugated-core sandwich plates.” National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC.
Lok, T. S., and Cheng, Q. H. (2000). “Elastic stiffness properties and behavior of truss-core sandwich panel.” J. Struct. Eng., 552–559.
McShane, G. J., Deshpande, V. S., and Fleck, N. A. (2010). “Underwater blast response of free-standing sandwich plates with metallic lattice cores.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 37(11), 1138–1149.
Norris, C., Montague, P., and Tan, K. H. (1989). “All steel structural panels to carry lateral load: Experimental and theoretical behaviour.” J. Struct. Eng., 67(9), 167–176.
Romanoff, J., Varsta, P., and Klanac, A. (2007). “Stress analysis of homogenized web-core sandwich beams.” Compos. Struct., 79(3), 411–422.
SANDCORE. (2005). “Best practice guide for sandwich structures in marine applications.” SAND.CORe, NewRail Univ. of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
St-Pierre, L., Deshpande, V. S., and Fleck, N. A. (2015). “The low velocity impact response of sandwich beams with a corrugated core or a Y-frame core.” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 91, 71–80.
St-Pierre, L., Fleck, N. A., and Deshpande, V. S. (2012). “Sandwich beams with corrugated and Y-frame cores: Does the back face contribute to the bending response?” J. Appl. Mech., 79(1), 011002.
Tarlochan, F., Rameshb, S., and Harpreet, S. (2012). “Advanced composite sandwich structure design for energy absorption applications: Blast protection and crashworthiness.” Compos. Part B: Eng., 43(5), 2198–2208.
Theobald, M. D., and Nurick, G. N. (2010). “Experimental and numerical analysis of tube-core claddings under blast loads.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 37(3), 333–348.
Valdevit, L., Hutchinson, J. W., and Eyans, A. G. (2004). “Structurally optimized sandwich panels with prismatic cores.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 41(18–19), 5105–5124.
Valdevit, L., Wej, Z., Mercer, C., Zok, F. W., and Eyans, A. G. (2006). “Structural performance of near-optimal sandwich panels with corrugated cores.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 43(16), 4888–4905.
Wadley, H. N. G. (2006). “Multifunctional periodic cellular metals.” J. Philos. Trans. R. Soc., 364(1838), 31–68.
Wadley, H. N. G., et al. (2013). “Deformation and fracture of impulsively loaded sandwich panels.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 61(2), 674–699.
Wadley, H. N. G., Fleck, N. A., and Evans, A. G. (2003). “Fabrication and structural performance of periodic cellular metal sandwich structures.” J. Compos. Sci. Technol., 63(16), 2331–2343.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 27, 2015
Accepted: Nov 22, 2016
Published online: Apr 8, 2017
Discussion open until: Sep 8, 2017
Published in print: Oct 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.