Effects of Seismic and Progressive Collapse Designs on the Vulnerability of RC Frame Structures
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 31, Issue 1
Abstract
Buildings are exposed to multiple natural hazards over their service lives. Multihazard analysis and design of building structures has become a research hotspot worldwide. For these structures, earthquake and progressive collapse are two of the most commonly encountered hazards. However, little research has been conducted to examine the effects of the seismic and progressive collapse designs on the resistance of buildings against multiple hazards. In this study, a series of six-story reinforced concrete (RC) frames are considered, and their seismic and progressive collapse designs are performed independently according to the corresponding design codes. Fragility curves are used to assess the seismic and progressive collapse resistance. The interactions between the two designs are discussed by analyzing the fragility curves and the collapse modes. Results show that the progressive collapse design of the RC frame may lead to an undesirable failure mode (i.e., strong-beam-weak-column) under earthquakes, which indicates that a seismic redesign is necessary subsequent to the progressive collapse design. Note that sequential use of different design codes for a structure may result in material waste yet a suboptimal structural performance. Therefore, a design method by individually considering different hazards is unsuitable for the multihazard prevention and mitigation of building structures. A comprehensive and integrated design method for multihazards is thus in great need. The outcome of this study will lay a foundation for future multihazard analysis and design of building structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the financial support received from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2012CB719703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51578018), and Australian Research Council through an ARC Discovery Project (DP150100606).
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2011). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (318R-11).” ACI 318-11, Detroit.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2014). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (318R-14).” ACI 318-14, Detroit.
Agarwal, A., and Varma, A. H. (2014). “Fire induced progressive collapse of steel building structures: The role of interior gravity columns.” Eng. Struct., 58, 129–140.
CECS (China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization). (2014). “Code for anti-collapse design of building structures.” CECS 392: 2014, Beijing (in Chinese).
Chopra, A. K. (2001). Dynamics of Structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 245–249.
DoD (Department of Defense). (2010). “Design of structures to resist progressive collapse.”, Washington, DC.
Ellingwood, B. R. (2006). “Mitigating risk from abnormal loads and progressive collapse.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 315–323.
Fascetti, A., Kunnath, S. K., and Nisticò, N. (2015). “Robustness evaluation of RC frame buildings to progressive collapse.” Eng. Struct., 86, 242–249.
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). (2009). “Quantification of building seismic performance factors.”, Washington, DC.
Formisano, A., Landolfo, R., and Mazzolani, F. M. (2015). “Robustness assessment approaches for steel framed structures under catastrophic events.” Comput. Struct., 147, 216–228.
Fragiadakis, M., Vamvatsikos, D., and Aschheim, M. (2014). “Application of nonlinear static procedures for the seismic assessment of regular RC moment frame buildings.” Earthquake Spectra, 30(2), 767–794.
GSA (General Services Administration). (2013). Alternate path analysis and design guidelines for progressive collapse resistance, Washington, DC.
Jaimes, M. A., Reinoso, E., and Esteva, L. (2015). “Risk analysis for structures exposed to several multi-hazard sources.” J. Earthquake Eng., 19(2), 297–312.
Kamath, P., et al. (2015). “Full-scale fire test on an earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete frame.” Fire Saf. J., 73(3), 1–19.
Krausmann, E., Cruz, A. M., and Affeltranger, B. (2010). “The impact of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on industrial facilities.” J. Loss Prev. Proc., 23(2), 242–248.
Li, M., and Sasani, M. (2015). “Integrity and progressive collapse resistance of RC structures with ordinary and special moment frames.” Eng. Struct., 95, 71–79.
Li, Y., Ahuja, A., and Padgett, J. E. (2011a). “Review of methods to assess, design for, and mitigate multiple hazards.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 104–117.
Li, Y., Lu, X. Z., Guan, H., and Ye, L. P. (2011b). “An improved tie force method for progressive collapse resistance design of reinforced concrete frame structures.” Eng. Struct., 33(10), 2931–2942.
Li, Y., Lu, X. Z., Guan, H., and Ye, L. P. (2014). “Progressive collapse resistance demand of RC frames under catenary mechanism.” ACI Struct. J., 111(5), 1225–1234.
Li, Y., Lu, X. Z., Guan, H., Ying, M. J., and Yan, W. M. (2015). “A case study on a fire-induced collapse accident of a reinforced concrete frame-supported masonry structure.” Fire Tech, 52(3), 707–729.
Livingston, E., Sasani, M., Bazan, M., and Sagiroglu, S. (2015). “Progressive collapse resistance of RC beams.” Eng. Struct., 95, 61–70.
Lu, X., Lu, X. Z., Guan, H., and Ye, L. P. (2013a). “Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete high-rise building induced by extreme earthquakes.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(5), 705–723.
Lu, X., Lu, X. Z., Guan, H., and Ye, L. P. (2013b). “Comparison and selection of ground motion intensity measures for seismic design of super high-rise buildings.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 16(7), 1249–1262.
Lu, X., Ye, L. P., Lu, X. Z., Li, M. K., and Ma, X. W. (2013c). “An improved ground motion intensity measure for super high-rise buildings.” Sci. China Technol. Sci., 56(6), 1525–1533.
Lu, X. Z., Ye, L. P., Ma, Y. H., and Tang, D. Y. (2012). “Lessons from the collapse of typical RC frames in Xuankou School during the great Wenchuan Earthquake.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 15(1), 139–153.
Miao, Z. W., Ye, L. P., Guan, H., and Lu, X. Z. (2011). “Evaluation of modal and traditional pushover analyses in frame-shear-wall structures.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 14(5), 815–836.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China). (2010a). “Code for design of concrete structures.” GB50010-2010, Beijing.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China). (2010b). “Code for seismic design of buildings.” GB50011-2010, Beijing.
NSF (National Science Foundation). (2014). “Decision frameworks for multi-hazard resilient and sustainable buildings (RSB).” 〈http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2014/nsf14557/nsf14557.htm?WT.mc_id=USNSF_30&WT.mc_ev=click〉 (Jul. 20, 2014).
Qian, K., and Li, B. (2012a). “Dynamic performance of RC beam-column substructures under the scenario of the loss of a corner column—Experimental results.” Eng. Struct., 42, 154–167.
Qian, K., and Li, B. (2012b). “Performance of three-dimensional reinforced concrete beam-column substructures under loss of a corner column scenario.” J. Struct. Eng., 584–594.
Qian, K., and Li, B. (2012c). “Slab effects on response of reinforced concrete substructures after loss of corner column.” ACI Struct. J., 109(6), 845–856.
Quiel, S. E., and Marjanishvili, S. M. (2011). “Fire resistance of a damaged steel building frame designed to resist progressive collapse.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 402–409.
Ren, P. Q., Li, Y., Guan, H., and Lu, X. Z. (2015). “Progressive collapse resistance of two typical high-rise RC frame shear wall structures.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 04014087.
Ren, P. Q., Li, Y., Zhou, Y., Lu, X. Z., and Guan, H. (2014). “Experimental study on the progressive collapse resistance of RC slabs.” Proc., Structures Congress 2014, G. R. Bell and M. A. Card, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 868–879.
SEI (ASCE/Structural Engineering Institute). (2010). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” SEI 7, Reston, VA.
Sozen, M., Thornton, C., Corley, W., and Sr, P. (1998). “The Oklahoma City bombing: Structure and Mechanisms of the Murrah Building.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 120–136.
Tsai, M. H., and Lin, B. H. (2008). “Investigation of progressive collapse resistance and inelastic response for an earthquake-resistant RC building subjected to column failure.” Eng. Struct., 30(12), 3619–3628.
Vamvatsikos, D., and Cornell, C. A. (2002). “Incremental dynamic analysis.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491–514.
Xie, L. L., Lu, X. Z., Guan, H., and Lu, X. (2015). “Experimental study and numerical model calibration for earthquake-induced collapse of RC frames with emphasis on key columns, joints and the overall structure.” J. Earthquake Eng., 19(8), 1320–1344.
Xu, Z., Lu, X. Z., Guan, H., Lu, X., and Ren, A. Z. (2012). “Progressive-collapse simulation and critical region identification of a stone arch bridge.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 43–52.
Yap, S. L., and Li, B. (2011). “Experimental investigation of reinforced concrete exterior beam-column subassemblages for progressive collapse.” ACI Struct. J., 108(5), 542–552.
Ye, L. P., Ma, Q. L., Miao, Z. W., Guan, H., and Zhuge, Y. (2013). “Numerical and comparative study of earthquake intensity indices in seismic analysis.” Struct. Des. Tall Spec., 22(4), 362–381.
Yi, W. J., He, Q. F., Xiao, Y., and Kunnath, S. K. (2008). “Experimental study on progressive collapse-resistant behavior of reinforced concrete frame structures.” ACI Struct. J., 105(4), 433–439.
Yu, J., and Tan, K. H. (2013). “Experimental and numerical investigation on progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete beam column sub-assemblages.” Eng. Struct., 55, 90–106.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 31 • Issue 1 • February 2017
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 11, 2015
Accepted: May 20, 2016
Published online: Jul 14, 2016
Discussion open until: Dec 14, 2016
Published in print: Feb 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.