Invert Anomalies in Operational Rock Tunnels: Appearance, Causes, and Countermeasures
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30, Issue 3
Abstract
The prevention of tunnel service by problematic invert-related anomalies breaks with the conventional concept that a rock tunnel is durable. This study reexamines invert anomalies in rock tunnels reported in Taiwan and in the literature in the past two decades. The diverse appearances of invert anomalies can be classified into six typical patterns: deformed invert, displaced invert, cracks, water inrush, mud inrush, and overabrasion. Possible causes accounting for these invert anomalies can be recognized as swelling ground, squeezing ground, earthquake, groundwater pressure, neighboring slope movement, displaced fault zones, and abrasion by passing water. Active and passive measures applied to mitigate invert problems are investigated on the basis of generic performance.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, for financially supporting this research under Grants NSC 101-2628-E-027-002 and NSC 102-2221-E-027-071-MY3.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30 • Issue 3 • June 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 9, 2014
Accepted: Nov 16, 2014
Published online: Jun 25, 2015
Discussion open until: Nov 25, 2015
Published in print: Jun 1, 2016
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