UAV Photogrammetry Application to the Monitoring of Rubble Mound Breakwaters
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30, Issue 1
Abstract
Monitoring of breakwaters is a key aspect to prevent failures that affect the safety and quality of service. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry gives low-cost and accurate geometric data, flexibility, and productivity to perform aerial surveys, although the weather conditions restrict flights for wind speeds above (the Mikrokopter system). Despite the promising potential of these systems, its ability to monitor movement of cubes in breakwaters has not yet proven. The UAV photogrammetry is tested for the research reported in this paper in the Baiona breakwaters (northwestern Spain). A SD of 0.026 m is obtained from the point cloud. The detection limit of the system is evaluated and rotations lower than 1° could be detected. This value is calculated from the measurable differences in height values after the virtual rotation of a single cube. The system provides the exact position where the movement of the cube is produced and can be easily integrated with geographic information system–based management systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers want to give thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and Xunta de Galicia for the financial support given; and Human Resources programs (BES-2010-034106 and IPP055—EXP44) and project (Grant No. EM2013/005).
References
Atkinson, K. B. (2001). Close range photogrammetry and machine vision, Whittles, Dunbeath, U.K.
Bolstad, P. (2008). GIS fundamentals: A first text on geographic information systems, Attlas, Ashland, OH.
Burcharth, H. F., Andersen, T. L., and Medina, J. R. (2010). “Stability of cubipod armoured roundheads in short-crested waves. A comparison between cubipod and cube armour stability.” Coastal Eng., 32, 1–10.
Cloud Compare v2.5.4.1 [Computer software]. License GNU GPL.
Colomina, I., and Molina, P. (2014). “Unmanned aerial systems for photogrammetry remote sensing: A review.” ISPRS J. Photogramm., 92, 79–97.
Corredor, A., Santos, M., Peña, E., Maciñeira, E., Gómez-Martín, M. E., and Medina, J. (2013). “Designing and constructing cubipod armored breakwaters in the ports of Malaga and Punta Langosteira (Spain).” Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) Coasts, Marine Structures and Breakwaters Conf., London.
Gómez-Martín, M. E., and Medina, J. R. (2006). “Damage progression on cube armored breakwaters.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering (ICCE), 5229–5240.
González-Jorge, H., Riveiro, B., Armesto, J., and Arias, P. (2011). “Standard artifact for the geometric verification of terrestrial laser scanning systems.” Opt. Laser Technol., 43(7), 1249–1256.
Gruen, A. (1985). “Adaptive least squares correlation: A powerful image matching technique.” South Afr. J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Cartogr., 14(3), 175–187.
Joglekar, J., and Gedam, S. (2012). “Area based image matching methods—A survey.” Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng., 2(5), 2250–2459.
Kluger, J. W. (1982). “The monitoring of rubble mound breakwater stability using a photographic survey method.” Coastal Eng., 2164–2170.
Kraus, K. (1993). “Photogrammetry.” Fundamentals and standard processes, Dümmler, Bonn, Germany.
Lomónaco, P., Vidal, C., Medina, J. R., and Gómez-Martín, M. E. (2009). “Evolution of damage roudheads protected with cube and cubipod armour units.” Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) Coastal, Marine Structures and Breakwaters Conf., London, 169–180.
Longuet-Higgins, H. C. (1987). “A computer algorithm for reconstructing a scene from two projections.” Readings in computer vision: Issues, problems, principles, and paradigms, M. A. Fisher and O. Firschein, eds., Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 61–62.
MatLAB [Computer software]. Natick, MA, Mathworks.
Merchant, D. C. (2012). “Aerial camera metric calibration. History and status.” Proc., American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Annual Conf., Bethesda, MD, 380–389.
Mitchell, T., and Chang, M. (2011). “Utilizing vessel based mobile LiDAR and bathymetry survey techniques for survey of four southern California breakwaters.” Coastal Eng. Pract., 957–969.
Molinero-Guillén, P. (2010). “Construction of large port infrastructures at the north of Spain.” Proc., del Congreso de Ingeniería Civil, Madrid, Spain, 1–20.
Molinés, J., Piedad-Herea, M., Pérez, T., and Medina, J. R. (2012). “Laser scanner technique to quantify randomness in cube and cubipod armour layers.” Coastlab Conf., P. Troch, V. Stratigaki, and S. De Roo, eds., Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
Morel, J. M., and Yu, G. (2009). “ASIFT: A new framework for fully affine invariant image comparison.” SIAM J. Imag. Sci., 2(2), 438–469.
Nex, F., and Remondino, F. (2014). “UAV for 3D mapping applications: A review.” Appl. Geomatics, 6(1), 1–15.
Photogrammetric Workbench 1.0 [Computer software]. Spain, Univ. of Salamanca.
Pirotti, F., Guarmeri, A., and Vettore, A. (2013). “State of the art of ground and aerial laser scanning technoloqies for high-resolution topography of the earth surface.” Eur. J. Remote Sens., 46(1), 66–78.
Puente, I., González-Jorge, H., Martínez-Sánchez, J., and Arias, P. (2013). “Review of mobile mapping and surveying technologies.” Measurement, 46(7), 2127–2145.
Reif, M. K., Wozencraft, J. M., Dunkin, L. M., Sylverter, C. S., and Macon, C. L. (2013). “A review of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers airborne coastal mapping in the Great Lakes.” J. Remote Sens. Great Lakes Other Inland Waters, 39(S1), 194–204.
Segrelles, J. A. (2000). “The ports, the global economy and planning.” Geog. J. Uruguay, 117–137.
Van Gent, M. R. A., and Van der Werf, I. M. (2010). “Stability of breakwater roundheads during construction.” Coastal Eng., 32, 1–15.
Wiechert, A., and Gruber, M. (2010). “Ten years large format digital aerial cameras: A review.” Proc., American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Annual Conf., Bethesda, MD, 217–221.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30 • Issue 1 • February 2016
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 18, 2014
Accepted: Oct 13, 2014
Published online: Nov 18, 2014
Discussion open until: Apr 18, 2015
Published in print: Feb 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.