Building Characterization and Degradation Condition of Secondary Industrial Schools
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29, Issue 5
Abstract
In 2007, the Portuguese government launched a modernization program for the public network of secondary schools. This comprised a comprehensive survey on 56 large secondary schools aiming at identifying the main building anomalies to be considered in the rehabilitation projects. Based on this survey, this paper presents the building characterization and the analysis of the degradation patterns of 15 Portuguese secondary industrial schools, a particular and homogeneous typology of secondary schools. A set of information about each school was collected first, gathering, among other elements the (1) identification of the anomaly, (2) building element affected and its location in the building, (3) extent and severity level of the anomaly, (4) causes, and (5) repair solutions. From the resulting database, the degradation condition of these schools was assessed in terms of the (1) most frequent degradation occurrences, (2) influence of the relative location of building elements (envelope versus interior), (3) influence of the type of building, and (4) maintenance and rehabilitation recommendations. The results presented in this paper show that the overall condition of the schools analysed is reasonable to good, particularly taking into account their age (42–61 years old); a relatively small number of critical situations was detected, most of which were localized. This paper also shows that in most situations the two main types of anomalies detected, i.e., (1) structural, and (2) moisture-related, could have been avoided if properly addressed during the design and construction stages. Several situations stem also from lack of maintenance, which in some cases was hindered by difficult access to the construction elements.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Alegre, A., Heitor, T., Cotrim, H., Vaz, D., da Silva, J. C., da Silva, J. F. (2010). High schools, technical and secondary schools, Parque Escolar, Entidade Pública Empresarial, Argumentum Editions, Lisbon, Portugal (in Portuguese).
Azzalin, M., and Lauria, M. (2005). “Building pathology database and maintenance approach in a well-defined context: Calabrian historical centres.” Proc. DBMC–Int. Conf. on Durability of Building Materials and Components.
Barrelas, J., de Brito, J., and Correia, J. R. (2013). “Analysis of the degradation condition of secondary schools. Case study: Pavilions and prefabricated buildings.” J. Civ. Eng. Manage., in press.
Board for the Construction of Technical and Secondary Schools. (1951). Design of industrial and commercial school of Setúbal, Portuguese Ministry of Education, Lisboa.
Branco, F. A., et al. (2007–2010). “Secondary school buildings anomalies survey.”, Technical Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (in Portuguese).
British Standards Institution (BIS). (1992). “Guide to durability of buildings and building elements, products and components.” BS 7543:1992, London.
Bureau Securitas. (1979). “Statistical study of 10000 claims files.” Annales de L’Institut Technique du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics, Paris (in French).
Carrió, J. M. (1988). “Checking of building façades in Madrid/Spain.” Informes de la Construcción, 40(396), 49–60 (in Spanish).
Chong, W.-K., and Low, S.-P. (2006). “Latent building defects: Causes and design strategies to prevent them.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 213–221.
Dias, W. P. S. (2003). Useful life of buildings, Sri Lanka Accounting and Auditing Standards Monitoring Board, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Garcez, N., Lopes, N., de Brito, J., and Sá, G. (2012). “Pathology, diagnosis and repair of pitched roofs with ceramic tiles: Statistical characterisation and lessons learned from inspections.” Constr. Build. Mater., 36, 807–819.
Ilozor, B. D., Okoroh, M. I., Egbu, C., and Archicentre. (2004). “Understanding residential house defects in Australia from the State of Victoria.” Build. Environ., 39(3), 327–337.
Marques, B., de Brito, J., and Correia, J. R. (2013). “Constructive characteristics and degradation condition of Liceu secondary schools in Portugal.” Int. J. Archit. Heritage, in press.
Pereira, C. (2012). “Building characterization and degradation condition of secondary schools. Case study: Industrial schools.” M.Sc. thesis, Construction and Rehabilitation, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (in Portuguese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 23, 2013
Accepted: Apr 24, 2014
Published online: Sep 10, 2014
Discussion open until: Feb 10, 2015
Published in print: Oct 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.