Effect of Mainshock-Aftershock Sequences on Woodframe Building Damage Fragilities
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29, Issue 1
Abstract
Although aftershocks have the potential to cause severe damage to buildings and threaten life safety, their effect in seismic risk analysis is not explicitly accounted for in modern building design codes, nor in emerging methodologies such as performance-based seismic design. The ultimate objective of this study is to systematically integrate aftershock hazard into performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) through analytical studies with structural degradation models derived from publicly available experimental data. In this paper, the first step is made by introducing a procedure to compute the probability of a mainshock-damaged woodframe building entering different damage states as a result of aftershock. Aftershock fragilities are developed by performing incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using a sequence of mainshock-aftershock ground motions. To compute the seismic response of the damaged building, IDA is performed using a sequence of mainshocks of different intensity levels combined with random aftershocks. The variation in aftershock fragilities for each of the damage states for several different mainshock intensities is presented. The effect of the mainshock damage is to alter the fragilities and is quantified for the building investigated. It is observed that the fragility curves for collapse risk have a similar shape for the mainshock-aftershock sequences for different levels of mainshock. As well as that there was an unexpected result that, if the building model survives the mainshock, the additional collapse risk because of aftershocks may not be as critical as originally thought for engineered woodframe construction. The effect of aftershocks on damage states appears to be more significant, relatively speaking, than on collapse of low-rise woodframe buildings, indicating that including aftershock hazard on performance-based seismic design will be significant.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Funding for this study was provided through National Science Foundation grant CMMI-1100423 through a subcontract from Michigan Technological University to Colorado State University. The opinions contained herein represent the opinions of the authors and not necessarily NSF. That support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Al-Hajjar, J., and Blanpain, O. (1997). “Semi-Marcovian approach for modeling seismic aftershocks.” Eng. Struct., 19(12), 969–976.
Christovasilis, I., Filliatrault, A., and Wanitkorkul, A. (2010). “NW-01: Seismic testing of a full-scale two-story light-frame wood building: NEESWood benchmark test.” 〈http://nees.org/resources/551〉 (Jul. 15, 2012).
Cornell, A., and Kranwinkler, H. (2000). “Progress and challenges in seismic performance assessment.” PEER center news, Vol. 3, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Deierlein, G. (2004). “Overview of a comprehensive framework for earthquake performance assessment.” PEER Rep. 2004/05, P. Fajfar and H. Krawinkler, eds., Proc., Int. Workshop on Performance-Based Seismic Design Concepts and Implementation, Bled, Slovenia, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkley, CA, 15–26.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2009). “Quantification of building seismic performance factors.”, Washington, DC.
Filiatrault, A., Christovasilis, I., Wanitkorkul, A., van de Lindt, J. W. (2010). “Experimental seismic response of a full-scale light-frame wood building.” J. Struct. Eng., 246–254.
Folz, B., and Filliatrault, A. (2001). “Cyclic analysis of wood shear walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 433–441.
Gerstenberger, M. C., Jones, L. M., and Wiemer, S. (2007). “Short term aftershock probabilities: Case studies in California.” Seismol. Res. Lett., 78(1), 66–77.
Li, Q., and Ellingwood, B. R. (2007). “Performance evaluation and damage assessment of steel frame buildings under main shock-aftershock earthquake sequences.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36, 405–427.
Li, Y., Yin, Y., Ellingwood, B. R., and Bulleit, W. M. (2010). “Uniform hazard versus uniform risk bases for performance-based earthquake engineering of light-frame wood construction.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 39(11), 1199–1217.
Luco, N., Bazzurro, P., and Cornell, C. A. (2004). “Dynamic versus static computation of the residual capacity of a mainshock-damaged building to withstand an aftershock.” 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Padgett, J. E., DeeRoches, R., and Nilson, E. (2010). “Regional seismic risk assessment of bridge network in Charleston, South Carolina.” J. Earthquake Eng., 14(6), 918–933.
Pang, W., Rosowsky, D. V., Pei, S., and van de Lindt, J. W. (2010). “Simplified direct displacement design of a six-story woodframe building and pre-test performance assessment.” J. Struct. Eng., 813–825.
Pei, S., and van de Lindt, J. W. (2009). “Methodology for long-term seismic loss estimation: An application to woodframe buildings.” Struct. Saf., 31(1), 31–42.
Reasenburg, P., Jones, L., Raleigh, C. B., Wong, I. G., Scotti, O., and Wntworth, C. (1987). “New evidence on the state of stress of the San Andreas fault system.” Science, 238(4830), 1105–1111.
Ryu, H., Luco, N., Uma, S. R., and Liel, A. B. (2011). “Developing fragilities for mainshock-damaged structures through incremental dynamic analysis.” Proc., 9th Pacific Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineers, Auckland, New Zealand.
Vamvatsikos, D., and Cornell, C. A. (2002). “Incremental dynamic analysis.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491–514.
van de Lindt, J. W. (2008). “Experimental investigation of the effect of multiple earthquakes on woodframe structural integrity.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr., 111–117.
van de Lindt, J. W., Pei, S., Liu, H., and Filliatrault, A. (2010). “Seismic response of a full-scale light-frame wood building: A numerical study.” J. Struct. Eng., 56–65.
van de Lindt, J. W., Pei, S., Pang, W., and Sharazi, S. (2012). “Collapse testing and analysis of a light-frame wood garage wall.” J. Struct. Eng., 492–501.
Yeo, G., and Cornell, C. (2005). “Stochastic characterization and decision bases under time-dependent aftershock risk in performance-based earthquake engineering.”, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of Caliornia, Berkley, CA,〈http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/reports_2005/reports_2005.html〉 (Sep. 9, 2012).
Yeo, G., and Cornell, C. (2009). “Post-quake decision analysis using dynamic programming.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(1), 79–93.
Yin, Y. J., and Li, Y. (2011). “Loss estimation of light-frame wood construction subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 504–513.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29 • Issue 1 • February 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 12, 2013
Accepted: Sep 3, 2013
Published online: Sep 6, 2013
Discussion open until: Nov 27, 2014
Published in print: Feb 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.