Performance of Partially Grouted, Minimally Reinforced CMU Cavity Walls against Blast Demands. I: Large Deflection Static Resistance under Uniform Pressure
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents the results of large-deflection resistance testing of partially grouted single-wythe and multiwythe insulated masonry walls. Three design sections were evaluated under uniform pressure in a vacuum chamber test, as follows: (1) 150-mm (6-in.) standard block masonry wall reinforced with 10-mm (No. 3) rebar at 80-cm (32-in.) maximum spacing; (2) 200-mm (8-in.) standard block masonry wall reinforced with 13-mm (No. 4) rebar at 120-cm (48-in.) maximum spacing; and (3) a cavity wall consisting of 200-mm (8-in.) standard reinforced concrete masonry unit (CMU) wythe, a 100-mm (4-in.) clay facing brick veneer with 50-mm (2-in.)-thick extruded polystyrene rigid board insulation, and a 25-mm (1-in.) air gap between the structural wythe and the veneer. Each test panel was with only the cells containing reinforcement grouted. Displacement at several locations through the height and width of each panel were recorded as each test panel was loaded to collapse. Interior and exterior videography was also used to record the progression of cracking and failure. The failure mechanisms demonstrated the expected tension cracking due to flexure and a ductile flexural response was observed with rotations up to approximately 20°. The resistance function results were plotted and assessed against the resistance definitions assumed by commonly used blast design methodologies, and it was demonstrated that the flexural design resistances used in blast analysis single degree of freedom methodology are conservative. Furthermore, since the 200-mm (8-in.) thick single-wythe wall and the veneer wall had the same structural wythe designs, the stabilizing effects provided by the clay brick veneer and cavity wall components was demonstrated. The resistances and failure modes will subsequently be compared in the companion paper against those encountered in full-scale blast tests involving the same masonry panel designs.
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Acknowledgments
The experimental components of this paper were sponsored by the Airbase Technologies Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. The AFRL program manager during the experimental phase of the research reported in this paper was Dr. Robert Dinan. Experimental samples were provided through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the Portland Cement Association (PCA; CRADA No. 05-119-ML-01). Mr. Dennis Graber from the National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) and Mr. Greg Borchelt from the Brick Industry Association (BIA) assisted throughout the planning and execution of this program. Fig. 1 was provided by NCMA with permission to use in this paper. Static experiments were conducted at the National Center of Explosive Research and Design (NCERD), University of Missouri-Columbia, under the supervision of Dr. Hani Salim and Mr. Aaron Saucier. Masonry material tests were conducted by NCMA. Employees of Black and Veatch, and Applied Research Associates, contributed to the execution of the research reported in this paper. Auburn University researchers in the Department of Civil Engineering, under the guidance of Dr. James Davidson, provided pretest support of the experimental program as well as posttest analysis of the experimental data, which was partially sponsored through an NCMA Education and Research Foundation Grant. In addition the writers thank the Geotechnical and Structural Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Centers for efforts in revising this paper. Citation of manufacturers or trade names does constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U.S. government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation in this paper.
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Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29 • Issue 4 • August 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 23, 2013
Accepted: Aug 14, 2013
Published online: Sep 2, 2014
Discussion open until: Feb 2, 2015
Published in print: Aug 1, 2015
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