Fidelity and Robustness of Detailed Micromodeling, Simplified Micromodeling, and Macromodeling Techniques for a Masonry Dome
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 28, Issue 3
Abstract
Understanding the damage and failure mechanisms of masonry structures can help engineers reduce catastrophic failures and facilitate effective restoration and preservation of historical masonry monuments. This can be achieved through a combination of experimental and numerical studies to gain insights on the macrolevel strength-deformation behavior and microlevel defects and crack growth of masonry structures. Although experiments aid in calibration and validation of the numerical model to reduce errors and uncertainties in predictions, the success of the simulations fundamentally depends on the accuracy of the mechanical principles used to represent the heterogeneous masonry assembly. In this paper, three modeling techniques—detailed micromodeling, simplified micromodeling, and macromodeling—are investigated, considering not only the accuracy but also the robustness of the model predictions. In detailed micromodeling, the brick units and mortar joints are modeled as separate entities. In simplified micromodeling, the bricks and mortar are smeared, homogenized units bonded with zero-thickness interface elements. In macromodeling, the masonry composites are smeared into a homogenous continuum. Linear properties of these three alternative models are first calibrated by exploiting the modal parameters identified through dynamic experiments conducted on a scaled dome specimen in the laboratory. The fidelity of the two micromodeling and the macromodeling techniques are then evaluated by comparing the model predictions against static, load-to-failure tests conducted on the same scaled masonry dome. Finally, the robustness of the three models to uncertainty in the input parameters is evaluated.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the PTT Grants program of the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training (NCPTT) of the Department of the Interior, grant agreement number MT-2210-11-NC-02. The authors thank Michael Ramage for sharing the destructive test results. The help of Will Alexander, an undergraduate student at Clemson University, in formatting the manuscript is greatly appreciated. The authors also thank Godfrey Kimball for his editorial help.
References
Abrams, D. P. (1988). “Dynamic and static testing of reinforced concrete masonry structures.” TMS J., 17(1), 18–22.
Al-Kashif, M., Abdel-Mooty, M., Fahmy, E., Abou, Z. M., and Haroun, M. (2012). “Nonlinear modeling and analysis of AAC in-filled sandwich panels for out of plane loads.” World Acad. of Sci., Eng. and Technol., 64(4), 597–601.
Allemang, R. J., and Brown, D. L. (1982). “A correlation coefficient for modal vector analysis.” Proc., 1st SEM Int. Modal Analysis Conference, Society for Experimental Mechanics, Bethel, CT, 110–116.
Annecchiarico, M., Portioli, F., and Landolfo, R. (2010). “Micro and macro finite element modeling of brick masonry panels subject to lateral loadings.” Proc., COST C26 Action Final Conf., 315–320.
ANSYS 13 [Computer software]. Canonsburg, PA, Ansys.
Anthoine, A., and Taucer, F. (2006). “Seismic assessment of a reinforced concrete block masonry house—PROARES project in EI Salvador.” European laboratory for structural assessment, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, EUR22324 EN, Ispra, Italy.
Aoki, T., et al. (2004). “Non-destructive testing of the Sanctuary of Vicoforte.” Proc., 13th Int. Brick and Block Masonry Conf., Vol. 4, Taylor & Francis, London, 1109–1118.
Armstrong, D. M., Sibbald, A., and Forde, M. C. (1995). “Integrity assessment of masonry arch bridge using the dynamic stiffness technique.” NDT & E Int., 28(6), 367–375.
Arya, S. K., and Hegemier, G. A. (1978) “On nonlinear response prediction of concrete masonry assemblies.” Proc., 1st North American Masonry Conf., Masonry Society, Boulder, CO, 1.1–1.24.
Atamturktur, S., and Boothby, T. (2007). “Finite element modeling of Guastavino Domes.” Bull. Assoc. for Preserv. Technol., 28(4), 21–29.
Atamturktur, S., Hemez, F. M., and Laman, J. A. (2012a). “Uncertainty quantification in model verification and validation as applied to large scale historic masonry monuments.” Eng. Struct., 43, 221–234.
Atamturktur, S., and Laman, J. (2012b). “Finite element model correlation and calibration of historic masonry monuments: Review.” Struct. Des. Tall and Special Build., 21(2), 96–113.
Atamturktur, S., Li, T., Ramage, M. H., and Farajpour, I. (2012c). “Load carrying capacity assessment of a scaled masonry dome: Simulations validated with non-destructive and destructive measurements.” Construct. Build. Mater., 34, 418–429.
Atamturktur, S., and Sevim, B. (2011). “Seismic performance assessment of masonry tile domes through non-linear finite element analysis.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 410–423.
Avitabile, P. (2001). “Experimental modal analysis: A simple non-mathematical presentation.” Sound Vibrat., 44(1), 1–11.
Balaji, N. C., and Sarangapani, G. (2007). “Load carrying capacity of brick masonry dome in mud mortar.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Earthen Structures, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, 47–153.
Boothby, T., Domalik, D., and Dalal, V. (1995). “Assessment of masonry arch bridges by service load testing.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Arch Bridges, Thomas Telford, London, 345–354.
Bothara, J. K., Dhakal, R. P., and Mander, J. B. (2010). “Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: An experimental investigation.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 39(1), 46–68.
Chiostrini, S., Fraboschi, P., and Sorace, S. (1989). “Problems connected with the arrangement of a non-linear finite element method to the analysis of masonry structures.” Structural repair and maintenance of historic buildings, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, U.K., 525–534.
DelloRusso, S., Juneja, G., Gabby, B., and Dusenberry, D. (2008). “Monitoring and repair of the Milwaukee city hall masonry tower.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 197–206.
Dhanasekar, M., Page, A. W., and Kleeman, P. W. (1984). “A finite element model for the in-plane behavior of brick masonry.” Proc., 9th Australasian Conf. on Mechanisms of Structures, Techno Press, Yuseong, Daejeon, South Korea, 262–267.
Gabor, A., Bennani, A., Jacquelin, E., and Lebon, F. (2006). “Modelling approaches of the in-plane shear behavior of unreinforced and FRP strengthened masonry panels.” Compos. Struct., 74(3), 277–288.
Garbin, E., Valluzzi, M. R., and Modena, C. (2009). “Testing and numerical modelling of the structural behaviour of brick masonry strengthened by the bed joints reinforcement technique.” Proc., 1st WTA Int. Ph.D. Symp.—Building Materials and Building Technology to Preserve the Built Heritage, L. Schueremans, ed., Leuven, Belgium, 489–516.
Gentile, C., and Saisi, A. (2007). “Ambient vibration testing of historic masonry towers for structural identification and damage assessment.” Construct. Build. Mater., 21(6), 1311–1321.
Harry, A. H. (1988). Masonry: Materials, design, construction and maintenance, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
Laefer, D. L. (2001). “Prediction and assessment of ground movement and building damage induced by adjacent excavation.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
Lau, W. W. (2006). “Equilibrium analysis of masonry domes.” M.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA.
Lourenço, P. B. (1994). “Analysis of masonry structures with interface elements.” Rep. No. 03-21-22-0-01, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Lourenço, P. B. (2002). “Computations on historic masonry structures.” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 4(3), 301–319.
Lourenço, P. B., and Rots, J. G. (1997). “Multisurface interface model for analysis of masonry structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 660–668.
Lourenço, P. B., Rots, J. G., and Blauwendraad, J. (1995). “Two approaches for the analysis of masonry structures: Micro- and macro-modelling.” Heron, 40(4), 313–340.
Lourenço, P. B., Rots, J. G., and Blauwendraad, J. (1998). “Continuum model for masonry: Parameter estimation and validation.” J. Struct. Eng., 642–652.
Lü, W. R., Wang, M., and Liu, X. J. (2011). “Numerical analysis of masonry under compression via micro-model.” Adv. Mater. Res., 243–249, 1360–1365.
Maheri, M. R., Najafgholipour, M. A., and Rajabi, A. R. (2011). “The influence of mortar head joints on the in-plane and out-of-plane seismic strength of brick masonry walls.” IJST, Trans. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 35(C1), 63–79.
Masonry Standard Joint Committee (MSJC). (2008). “Building code requirements for masonry structures and specifications for masonry structures.” ACI 530-08/ASCE 5-08/TMS 402-08. Section 1.8.2.3.1, ASCE, Reston, VA, C-17.
Ochsendorf, J., and Freeman, M. (2010). Guastavino vaulting: The art of structural tile, Princeton Architectural Press, New York.
Page, A. W. (1978). “Finite element model for masonry.” J. Struct. Div., 104(8), 1267–1285.
Page, J. (1995). “Load tests to collapse on masonry arch bridges.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Arch Bridges, Thomas Telford, London, 289–298.
Paulay, T., and Priestley, M. J. N. (1992). Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings, Wiley, New York.
Queiroz, F. D., Vellasco, P. C. G. S., and Nethercot, D. A. (2007). “Finite element modelling of composite beams with full and partial shear connection.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 63(4), 505–521.
Ramage, M. H. (2006). “Catalan vaulting in advanced materials: New approaches to contemporary compressive form.” M.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA.
Rots, J. G. (1991). “Numerical simulation of cracking in structural masonry.” Heron, 36(2), 49–63.
Saadeghvaziri, M. A., and Metha, S. S. (1993). “An analytical model for URM structures.” Proc. 6th North American Masonry Conf., Technomic Publishing, Chicago, 409–418.
Salawu, O. S., and Williams, C. (1995). “Bridge assessment using forced-vibration testing.” J. Struct. Eng., 161–173.
Shieh-Beygia, B., and Pietruszczak, S. (2008). “Numerical analysis of structural masonry: Mesoscale approach,” Comput. & Struct., 86(21–22), 1958–1973.
Teomete, E., and Aktaş, E. (2010). “Structural analyses and assessment of historical Kamanlı Mosque in Izmir, Turkey.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 353–364.
Theodossopoulos, D., Sinha, B. P., Usmani, A. S., and Macdonald, A. J. (2002). “Assessment of the structural response of masonry cross vaults.” Strain, 38(3), 119–127.
Truong Hong, L., and Laefer, D. F. (2008). “Micro vs. macro models for predicting building damage underground movements.” Proc., CSM-2008 Int. Conf. on Computational Solid Mechanics, Research Repository Univ. College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 241–250.
U.S. Gypsum (USG). (2012). “Industrial plaster and gypsum cements: Versatile products for countless industrial applications,” 〈http://www.usg.com/rc/brochures/industrial-plasters-cements/industrial-plasters-gypsum-cements-brochure-en-IG504.pdf〉 (Mar. 24, 2014).
Valluzzi, M. R., and Modena, C. (2001). “Experimental analysis and modeling of masonry vaults strengthened by FRP.” Historical Constructions, Proc., 3rd Int. Seminar, Guimarăes, Portugal.
Willam, K. J., and Warnke, E. P. (1975). “Constitutive model for the triaxial behavior of concrete.” Proc., Int. Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Int. Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, 1–30.
Zucchini, A., and Lourenço, P. B. (2002). “A micro-mechanical model for the homogenisation of masonry.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 39(12), 3233–3255.
Zucchini, A., and Lourenço, P. B. (2007). “Mechanics of masonry in compression: Results from a homogenisation approach.” Comput. & Struct., 85(3–4), 193–204.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 14, 2012
Accepted: Jan 29, 2013
Published online: Jan 31, 2013
Published in print: Jun 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.