Modeling Evolution of Stains Caused by Collection of Dirt in Old Building Facades
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 28, Issue 2
Abstract
Financial resources available for the maintenance and rehabilitation of infrastructure are always limited, creating a need for efficient resources management and the ability to predict maintenance actions throughout the infrastructure’s service life. In the context of bridge management, management systems have been developed and are already implemented around the world. Because of a much larger variety of maintenance problems and a reduced number of buildings per owner, building management systems are still quite rare. In fact, efficient methods for service life prediction of building materials still need to be developed. This paper presents a service life prediction method based on the statistical analysis of anomalies obtained from the inspection of in-service buildings and the study of the corresponding degradation curves leading to deterministic models. The method was applied to the prediction of stain evolution in old buildings’ rendered facades in Portugal (Lisbon) caused by the collection of dirt (it does not include deterioration, discoloration, flaking, or peeling paint), an anomaly that leads to periodic painting or cleaning of the facade. The influence of four construction/environment degradation factors on the evolution of stains over time is also analyzed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge GATEWIT SA for its support with the application of the BuildingsLife platform. The authors are also grateful for the support received from the Structural Engineering, Territory, and Construction Research Institute (ICIST), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Technical University of Lisbon, and the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).
References
Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ). (1993). The English edition of principal guide for service life planning of buildings, Tokyo.
Bordalo, R., de Brito, J., Gaspar, P., and Silva, A. (2011). “Service life prediction modelling of adhesive ceramic tiling systems.” Build. Res. Inf., 39(1), 66–78.
Branco, F. A., and de Brito, J. (2004). Handbook of concrete bridge management, ASCE, Reston, VA.
British Standards Institution (BSI). (1992). BS 7543 guide to durability of buildings and buildings elements, products and components, London.
Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Our common future: The World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Costa, J. (2011). “Management models of the degradation of buildings - Influence of degradation factors in the appearance of stains on facades.” Master’s thesis in Civil Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (in Portuguese).
de Brito, J., Branco, F. A., Thoft-Christensen, P., and Sørensen, J. D. (1997). “An expert system for concrete bridge management.” Eng. Struct., 19(7), 519–526.
Flores-Colen, I., and de Brito, J. (2010). “A systematic approach to maintenance budgeting of building façades based on predictive and preventive strategies.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(9), 1718–1729.
Flores-Colen, I., de Brito, J., and Freitas, V. (2008). “Stains in facades rendering - Diagnosis and maintenance techniques’ classification.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(3), 211–221.
Flores-Colen, I., de Brito, J., and Freitas, V. (2010). “Discussion of criteria for prioritization of predictive maintenance of building façades: Survey of 30 experts.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 337–344.
Gaião, C., de Brito, J., and Silvestre, J. (2011). “Inspection and diagnosis of gypsum plasterboard walls.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 172–180.
Garrido, M., Paulo, P. V., and Branco, F. A. (2012). “Service life prediction of facade paint coatings in old buildings.” Constr. Build. Mater., 29(1), 394–402.
Gaspar, P., and de Brito, J. (2008). “Service life estimation of cement-rendered facades.” Build. Res. Inf., 36(1), 44–55.
ISO. (2000). “Buildings and constructed assets - Service life planning - Part 1: General principles.” ISO 15686-1, Geneva.
ISO. (2001). “Buildings and constructed assets - Service life planning - Part 2: Service life prediction procedures.” ISO 15686-2, Geneva.
Lacasse, M. A., and Sjöström, C. (2004). “Recent advances in methods for service life prediction of building materials and components–An overview.” CIB World Building Congress 2004, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1–10.
Marques Lima, J., and de Brito, J. (2010). “Management system for expansion joints of road bridges.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 6(6), 703–714.
Masters, L. W., and Brandt, E. (1987). “Prediction of service life of building materials and components.” Mater. Struct., 20(1), 55–77.
Masters, L. W., and Brandt, E. (1989). “Systematic methodology for service life prediction of building materials and components.” Mater. Struct., 22(5), 385–392.
Meeker, W. Q., and Escobar, L. A. (1998). Statistical methods for reliability data, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Neto, N., and de Brito, J. (2011). “Inspection and defect diagnosis system for natural stone cladding.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 1433–1443.
Paulo, P. V. (2009). “A building management system (BuildingsLife): Application of deterministic and stochastic models with genetic algorithms to building façades.” Ph.D. thesis in Civil Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (in Portuguese).
Pearce, D. (2003). “The social and economic value of construction: The construction industry’s contribution to sustainable development.” nCRISP, London.
Regulamento das Características de Comportamento Térmico dos Edifícios (RCCTE). (2006). Portuguese regulation of the characteristics of building thermal behaviour, Ministry of Public Works, Lisbon, Portugal (in Portuguese).
Silva, A., de Brito, J., and Gaspar, P. (2011a). “Service life prediction model applied to natural stone wall claddings (directly adhered to the substrate).” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(9), 3674–3684.
Silva, A., de Brito, J., and Gaspar, P. (2012). “Application of the factor method to maintenance decision support for stone cladding.” Autom. Constr., 22(3), 165–174.
Silva, A., Dias, J., Gaspar, P., and de Brito, J. (2011b). “Service life prediction models for exterior stone cladding.” Build. Res. Inf., 39(6), 637–653.
Silvestre, J., and de Brito, J. (2009). “Ceramic tiling inspection system.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(2), 653–668.
Sjöström, C. H., and Brandt, E. (1991). “Collection of in-service performance data: State of the art and approach by CIB W80/RILEM 100-TSL.” Mater. Struct., 24(1), 70–76.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 28 • Issue 2 • April 2014
Pages: 264 - 271
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 8, 2012
Accepted: Oct 30, 2012
Published online: Nov 3, 2012
Published in print: Apr 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.