Sudden Complete Collapse of Zumrut Apartment Building and the Causes
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 27, Issue 4
Abstract
In recent years, buildings and structures in Turkey have frequently failed or suddenly sustained damage because of their own weight or other loads. The most dramatic failure was the Zumrut Apartment Building disaster: a 9-story RC building in Konya that collapsed on February 2, 2004, leaving 92 people dead. This study will investigate the cause of the building damage and failure. The significant mistakes made during the design and construction of the building will also be considered. This study was divided into three sections: site investigation, analytical study, and experimental study. The evaluation of the building failure relating to the vertical load-bearing members will be presented using observations from the site investigations, the test results obtained from specimens taken from the failed building, and the findings of an analytical study involving modeling the building using the finite-element method.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Anzani, A., Binda, L., and Mirabella, R. G. (2000). “The effect of heavy persistent actions into the behavior of ancient masonry.” Mater. Struct., 33(4), 251–261.
Bazant, Z. P. (1987). “Limitations of strain-hardening model for concrete creep.” Cement Concr. Res., 17(3), 505–509.
Binda, L., Gatti, G., Mangano, G., Poggi, C., and Landriani, G. S. (1992). “The collapse of the Civic Tower of Pavia: A survey of the materials and structure.” Masonry Int., 6(1), 11–20.
Cagatay, I. (2005). “Experimental evaluation of building damages in recent earthquakes in Turkey.” Eng. Fail. Anal., 12(3), 440–452.
Celep, Z., and Kumbasar, N. (2009). Reinforced concrete structures, Beta Press, Istanbul, Turkey.
Computer and Structures(2000). SAP2000: Structural analysis program, nonlinear version 7.12, Computer and Structures, Berkeley, CA.
Dogangun, A. (2004). “Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1, 2003 Bingöl Earthquake in Turkey.” Eng. Structures, 26(6), 841–856.
Ersoy, U., and Ozcebe, G. (2001). Reinforced concrete-fundamental principles, calculation of according to TBC-500 and Turkish Earthquake Code (1998), Evrim Press, Istanbul, Turkey.
Hansson, M., and Larsen, H. J. (2005). “Recent failures in glulam structures and their causes.” Eng. Fail. Anal., 12(4), 808–818.
Kaltakci, M. Y. (2005). “Konya civil engineer's technical expert report and appendices pertaining to Zumrut apartment building failed in February 2nd, 2004 on Kerkuk Avenue of Selçuklu County of Konya City.” Technical Rep., Konya, Turkey.
Kaltakci, M. Y., Arslan, M. H., Korkmaz, H. H., and Ozturk, M. (2007). “An investigation on failed or damaged reinforced concrete structures under their own-weight in Turkey.” Eng. Fail. Anal., 14(6), 962–969.
Mazzotti, C., and Savoia, M. (2003). “Nonlinear creep damage model for concrete under uniaxial compression.” J. Eng. Mech., 129(9), 1065–1075.
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. (1975). “Regulations on structures constructed in disaster regions.” TEC-1975, Ankara, Turkey.
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. (1998). “Regulations on structures constructed in disaster regions.” TEC-1998, Ankara, Turkey.
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. (2007). “Regulations on structures constructed in disaster regions.” TEC-2007, Ankara, Turkey.
Nilson, H. A., and Winter, G. (1991). Design of concrete structures, McGraw Hill, .New York
Ruiz, M. F., Muttoni, A., and Gambarova, P. G. (2007). “Relationship between nonlinear creep and cracking of concrete under uniaxial compression.” J. Adv. Concrete Technol., 5(3), 383–393.
Rüsch, H., Sell, R., Rasch, C., and Stöckl, S. (1958). “Investigations on the strength of concrete under sustained load.” RILEM Symp. on the Influence of Time on the Strength and Deformation of Concrete, RILEM, Bagneux, France.
Sezen, H., Whittaker, A. S., Elwood, K. J., and Mosalam, K. M. (2003). “Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17,1999 Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake, and seismic design and construction practice in Turkey.” Eng. Structures, 25(1), 103–114.
Turkish Standards Institution. (1996). “Concrete steel bars.” Turkish Building Code 708, Ankara, Turkey.
Turkish Standards Institution. (2000). “Requirements for design and construction of reinforced concrete structures.” Turkish Building Code 500, Ankara, Turkey.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 27 • Issue 4 • August 2013
Pages: 381 - 390
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 28, 2011
Accepted: Jan 31, 2012
Published online: Feb 2, 2012
Published in print: Aug 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.