Flexural Behavior of Seawater Sea-Sand Coral Aggregate Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars

Acknowledgments

Notation

A_f

area of FRP reinforcement;

b

breadth of section;

c

depth of compression zone;

d

effective depth of cross section;

E_c

elastic modulus of concrete;

E_f

elastic modulus of FRP reinforcement;

E_s

elastic modulus of steel reinforcement;

F_c

compression force of concrete;

f(ɛ)

stress of concrete at strain ɛ;

f_co

compressive strength of concrete;

f_cu

cubic compressive strength of concrete;

f_f

tensile stress of FRP reinforcement;

f_fu

tensile strength of FRP reinforcement;

f_y

yield strength of steel reinforcement;

h

depth of cross section;

M_c

moment when the maximum concrete compression strain reaches 0.001;

M_cr

cracking moment;

M_u

ultimate moment capacity;

M_uc

predicted flexural strength;

M_ue

measured flexural strength;

α₁

ratio of the stress of the equivalent rectangular stress block to f_co;

β₁

ratio of the depth of the equivalent rectangular stress block to c;

ɛ

concrete strain;

ɛ_co

concrete strain at the peak stress;

ɛ_cm

flexural design strain;

ɛ_cm,e

flexural design strain for sections with elastic tension reinforcement;

ɛ_cu

maximum usable compressive strain in the concrete;

ɛ_f

strain of the tension FRP reinforcement;

ɛ_fu

ultimate strain of the FRP reinforcement;

ρ

effective reinforcement ratio;

ρ_c

minimum tension reinforcement ratio for the over-reinforced sections;

ρ_f

FRP reinforcement ratio;

ϕ

curvature;

ϕ_c

curvature at M_c;

ϕ_u

curvature at M_u;

Δ_cr

midspan deflection at the cracking moment; and

Δ_u

midspan deflection at the ultimate moment.

References