Influence of the PBO-FRCM Composite Configuration on the Shear Capacity of RC Beams
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 26, Issue 4
Abstract
In this paper, the results of tests that will be carried out on beams strengthened in shear with polybenzoxazole fabric–reinforced cementitious matrix (PBO-FRCM) composites will be presented and compared with the results of theoretical calculations. Tests will be carried out on 12 RC T beams strengthened in shear with anchored or unanchored PBO-FRCM stirrups with different widths and spacing. Strain gauges and the digital image correlation (DIC) method will be used to measure the deformation of the composite. The mechanisms of failure of the beams will be analyzed and described. The shear capacity will be calculated based on the characteristics of the materials and the specimens used in the tests. The results of the calculations that are based on the latest standards and theoretical modeling showed that the shear capacity of the T beams with transverse steel reinforcement and anchorage were significantly underestimated. The results and differences between the experimental and analytical results will be discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to VISBUD-Projekt Sp. z o.o. (http://www.visbud-projekt.pl) for providing the strengthening material that was used in the experimental investigations.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- bw
- beam’s web (m);
- df
- effective depth of shear FRCM strengthening (m);
- Ecm
- modulus of elasticity of concrete (GPa);
- Esm
- modulus of elasticity of steel (GPa);
- Esm
- mean modulus of elasticity of bars (GPa);
- fcm,cyl
- cylindrical compressive strength of concrete (MPa);
- fcm,cube
- cubic compressive strength of concrete (MPa);
- fym
- mean yield stress of steel bars (MPa);
- ftm
- mean ultimate strength of steel bars (MPa);
- ffu
- ultimate strength of PBO mesh (MPa);
- ft
- ultimate tensile strength of steel (MPa);
- ffu
- ultimate strength of PBO mesh (MPa);
- ffv
- design tensile strength of the shear FRCM reinforcement (MPa);
- Vf
- contribution of the shear FRCM reinforcement (kN); and
- ɛfu
- ultimate deformation of the composite.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2017. Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures. ACI 440.2R-17. ACI Committee 440. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318-19. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2020. Guide to design and construction of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix and steel-reinforced grout systems for repair and strengthening of concrete structures guide to design and construction of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems for repair and strengthening concrete and masonry structures. ACI 549.4R-20. ACI Committee 549. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Arboleda, D. 2014. “Fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites for infrastructure strengthening and rehabilitation: Characterization methods.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Miami.
Baggio, D., K. Soudki, and M. Noël. 2014. “Strengthening of shear critical RC beams with various FRP systems.” Constr. Build. Mater. 66: 634–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.097.
Brückner, A., R. Ortlepp, and M. Curbach. 2006. “Textile reinforced concrete for strengthening in bending and shear.” Mater. Struct. 39 (8): 741–748. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-005-9027-2.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2008. Design of concrete structures – part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 2. PN-EN 1992:2008. London: BSI.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2009. Testing hardened concrete. part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens. EN 12390-3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2019. Metallic materials - tensile testing - part 1: Method of test at room temperature. EN ISO 6892-1:2019. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
D’Ambrisi, A., L. Feo, and F. Focacci. 2013. “Experimental analysis on bond between PBO-FRCM strengthening materials and concrete.” Composites, Part B 44 (1): 524–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.03.011.
D’Antino, T., C. Carloni, L. H. Sneed, and C. Pellegrino. 2014. “Matrix–fiber bond behavior in PBO FRCM composites: A fracture mechanics approach.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 117: 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.01.011.
D’Antino, T., and C. Papanicolaou. 2018. “Comparison between different tensile test set-ups for the mechanical characterization of inorganic-matrix composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 171: 140–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.041.
Escrig, C., L. Gil, E. Bernat-Maso, and F. Pugivert. 2015. “Experimental and analytical study of reinforced concrete beams shear strengthened with different types of textile-reinforced mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 83: 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.013.
fib (Fédération Internationale du Béton). 2010. Vol. 1 of Model code for concrete structures. Lausanne, Switzerland: fib.
Gonzalez-Libreros, J. H., C. Sabau, L. H. Sneed, C. Pellegrino, and G. Sas. 2017. “State of research on shear strengthening of RC beams with FRCM composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 149: 444–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.128.
ICC-ES (ICC Evaluation Service). 2011. Acceptance criteria for masonry and concrete strengthening using fibre-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composite systems. AC434. Brea, CA: ICC-ES.
Loreto, G., S. Babaeidarabad, L. Leardini, and A. Nanni. 2015. “RC beams shear-strengthened with fabric-reinforced-cementitious-matrix (FRCM) composite.” Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng. 7 (4): 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-015-0102-9.
Marcinczak, D., T. Trapko, and M. Musiał. 2018. “Comparison of RC beams strengthened with PBO-FRCM composite with different types of anchorage.” In Proc., fib 2018 Congress. Lausanne: Switzerland: fib.
Marcinczak, D., T. Trapko, and M. Musiał. 2019. “Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with PBO-FRCM composites with anchorage.” Composites, Part B 158: 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.09.061.
Mofidi, A., O. Chaallal, B. Benmokrane, and K. Neale. 2012. “Performance of end-anchorage systems for RC beams strengthened in shear with epoxy-bonded FRP.” J. Compos. Constr. 16 (3): 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000263.
Ombres, L. 2011a. “Flexural analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with a cement based high strength composite material.” Compos. Struct. 94: 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.07.008.
Ombres, L. 2011b. “Structural performances of PBO FRCM-strengthened RC beams.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. 164 (SB4): 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2011.164.4.265.
Ombres, L. 2012. “Shear capacity of concrete beams strengthened with cement based composite materials.” In Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering. Paper No. 01-281. Mississauga, ON: CICE.
Ombres, L. 2015a. “Analysis of the bond between fabric reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) strengthening systems and concrete.” Composites, Part B 69: 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.027.
Ombres, L. 2015b. “Structural performances of reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear with a cement based fiber composite material.” Compos. Struct. 122: 316–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.059.
Ruredil. 2009. X mesh gold data sheet. Milan, Italy: Ruredil SPA.
Tetta, Z. C., L. N. Koutas, and D. A. Bournas. 2015. “Textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) versus fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) in shear strengthening of concrete beams.” Composites, Part B 77: 338–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.055.
Tetta, Z. C., L. N. Koutas, and D. A. Bournas. 2016. “Shear strengthening of full-scale RC T-beams using textile-reinforced mortar and textile-based anchors.” Composites, Part B 95: 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.03.076.
Tetta, Z. C., L. N. Koutas, and D. A. Bournas. 2018a. “Shear strengthening of concrete members with TRM jackets: Effect of shear span-to-depth ratio, material and amount of external reinforcement.” Composites, Part B 137: 184–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.041.
Tetta, Z. C., T. C. Triantafillou, and D. A. Bournas. 2018b. “On the design of shear-strengthened RC members through the use of textile reinforced mortar overlays.” Composites, Part B 147: 178–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.008.
Trapko, T. 2013. “Fibre reinforced cementitious matrix confined concrete elements.” Mater. Des. 44: 382–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.024.
Trapko, T. 2014. “Behaviour of fibre reinforced cementitious matrix strengthened concrete columns under eccentric compression loading.” Mater. Des. 54: 947–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.008.
Trapko, T., and M. Musiał. 2017. “PBO mesh mobilization via different ways of anchoring PBO-FRCM reinforcements.” Composites, Part B 118: 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.03.009.
Trapko, T., D. Urbańska, and M. Kamiński. 2015. “Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with PBO-FRCM composites.” Composites, Part B 80: 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.05.024.
Triantafillou, T. C., and C. G. Papanicolaou. 2007. “Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete members with textile reinforced mortar (TRM) jackets.” Mater. Struct. 39: 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11527-005-9034-3.
Tzoura, E., and T. C. Triantafillou. 2016. “Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete T-beams under cyclic loading with TRM or FRP jackets.” Mater. Struct. 49 (1–2): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0470-9.
Younis, A., and U. Ebead. 2018. “Bond characteristics of different FRCM systems.” Constr. Build. Mater. 175: 610–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.216.
Younis, A., U. Ebead, and K. C. Shrestha. 2017. “Different FRCM systems for shear-strengthening of reinforced concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 153: 514–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.132.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 9, 2021
Accepted: Feb 16, 2022
Published online: Apr 22, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Sep 22, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.