Shear Behavior of Brick Masonry Walls Strengthened with Textile-Reinforced Concrete
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 25, Issue 3
Abstract
In this study, in-plane shear tests were performed on 20 masonry wall specimens. The research factors considered included the length, height, thickness, fiber material, and number of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) layers of the specimens. The failure modes, shear strength, pseudoductility, and energy dissipation of masonry walls under the influence of different factors studied were discussed and analyzed. The results showed that the unstrengthened masonry walls exhibited typical brittle failure characteristics and low shear strength at failure, which could be significantly improved by TRC strengthening. Under the test conditions of this study, the greater the length and height of the unstrengthened specimens with the same thickness, the lower the shear strength, and the higher the percentage increase in the shear strength after strengthening. For unstrengthened specimens with the same length and height, the greater the thickness, the greater the shear strength, and the lower the percentage increase in the shear strength after strengthening. After applying the same TRC layers on double-leaf walls, the shear strength and pseudoductility increased by 107.9% and 9.4 times for carbon-TRC strengthened specimens, and the two parameters of specimens strengthened by basalt-TRC increased by 50.3% and 7.0 times, respectively. In addition, the strength and ductility of the specimens increased as the number of TRC layers increased. Finally, the calculated and design values of shear capacity of each specimen were calculated according to current design standards and compared with the obtained test results. The conservativeness of the related design methods was also discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (KFJJ202009) and Xuzhou Key Research and Development Program (Industry Prospect and Common Key Technology) (KC18106). The experimental work described in this paper was conducted at Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Civil Engineering at the China University of Mining and Technology. Help during the testing from staffs and students at the laboratory is greatly acknowledged.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2013. Guide to design and construction of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems for repair and strengthening concrete and masonry structures. ACI 549.4R. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ASTM. 2011. Standard test methods for cyclic (reversed) load test for shear resistance of vertical elements of the lateral force resisting systems for buildings. ASTM E2126. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013. Standard test method for tensile strength of concrete surfaces and the bond strength or tensile strength of concrete repair and overlay materials by direct tension (pull-off method). ASTM C1583/C1583M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test method for diagonal tension (shear) in masonry assemblages. ASTM E519/E519M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms. ASTM C1314. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Babaeidarabad, S., D. Arboleda, G. Loreto, and A. Nanni. 2014a. “Shear strengthening of un-reinforced concrete masonry walls with fabric reinforced-cementitious-matrix.” Constr. Build. Mater. 65: 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.116.
Babaeidarabad, S., F. De Caso, and A. Nanni. 2014b. “URM walls strengthened with fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix composite subjected to diagonal compression.” J. Compos. Constr. 18 (2): 04013045. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000441.
Casacci, S., C. Gentilini, A. DiTommaso, and D. V. Oliveira. 2019. “Shear strengthening of masonry wallettes resorting to structural repointing and FRCM composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 206: 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.044.
Corradi, M., A. Borri, G. Castori, and R. Sisti. 2014. “Shear strengthening of wall panels through jacketing with cement mortar reinforced by GFRP grids.” Composites, Part B 64: 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.03.022.
Del Zoppo, M., M. Di Ludovico, A. Balsamo, and A. Prota. 2019a. “Experimental in-plane shear capacity of clay brick masonry panels strengthened with FRCM and FRM composites.” J. Compos. Constr. 23 (5): 04019038. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000965.
Del Zoppo, M., M. Di Ludovico, A. Balsamo, and A. Prota. 2019b. “In-plane shear capacity of tuff masonry walls with traditional and innovative composite reinforced mortars (CRM).” Constr. Build. Mater. 210: 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.133.
Dizhur, D., S. Bailey, M. Griffith, and J. Ingham. 2015. “Earthquake performance of two vintage URM buildings retrofitted using surface bonded GFRP: Case study.” J. Compos. Constr. 19(5): 05015001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000561.
Dizhur, D., M. Griffith, and J. Ingham. 2013. “In-plane shear improvement of unreinforced masonry wall panels using NSM CFRP strips.” J. Compos. Constr. 17 (6): 04013010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000400.
Dizhur, D., N. Ismail, C. Knox, R. Lumantarna, and J. M. Ingham. 2010. “Performance of unreinforced and retrofitted masonry buildings during the 2010 darfield earthquake.” Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 43 (4): 321–339. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.43.4.321-339.
Faella, C., E. Martinelli, E. Nigro, and S. Paciello. 2010. “Shear capacity of masonry walls externally strengthened by a cement-based composite material: An experimental campaign.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (1): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.019.
Gattesco, N., C. Amadio, and C. Bedon. 2015. “Experimental and numerical study on the shear behavior of stone masonry walls strengthened with GFRP reinforced mortar coating and steel-cord reinforced repointing.” Eng. Struct. 90: 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.02.024.
Gattesco, N., and I. Boem. 2015. “Experimental and analytical study to evaluate the effectiveness of an in-plane reinforcement for masonry walls using GFRP meshes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 88: 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.014.
Giaretton, M., D. Dizhur, E. Garbin, J. M. Ingham, and F. da Porto. 2018. “In-plane strengthening of clay brick and block masonry walls using textile-reinforced mortar.” J. Compos. Constr. 22(5): 04018028. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000866.
Hračov, S., S. Pospíšil, A. Garofano, and S. Urushadze. 2016. “In-plane cyclic behaviour of unfired clay and earth brick walls in both unstrengthened and strengthened conditions.” Mater. Struct 49 (8): 3293–3308. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0720-5.
Ismail, N., T. El-Maaddawy, N. Khattak, and A. Najmal. 2018. “In-plane shear strength improvement of hollow concrete masonry panels using a fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix.” J. Compos. Constr. 22 (2): 04018004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000835.
Ismail, N., and N. Khattak. 2015. Reconnaissance report on the Mw 7.5 Hindu Kush earthquake of 26th October 2015 and the subsequent aftershocks. Al Ain: United Arab Emirates Univ.
Konthesingha, K. M. C., M. J. Masia, R. B. Petersen, N. Mojsilovic, G. Simundic, and A. W. Page. 2013. “Static cyclic in-plane shear response of damaged masonry walls retrofitted with NSM FRP strips—An experimental evaluation.” Eng. Struct. 50: 126–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.10.026.
Li, T., N. Galati, J. G. Tumialan, and A. Nanni. 2005. “Analysis of unstrengthened masonry concrete walls strengthened with glass fiberreinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 102 (4): 569–577.
Mahmood, H., and J. M. Ingham. 2011. “Diagonal compression testing of FRP-retrofitted unreinforced clay brick masonry wallettes.” J. Compos. Constr. 15: 810–820. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000209.
Marcari, G., M. Basili, and F. Vestroni. 2017. “Experimental investigation of tuff masonry panels reinforced with surface bonded basalt textile-reinforced mortar.” Composites, Part B 108: 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.094.
Menna, C., A. Balsamo, G. Maddaloni, and A. Prota. 2018. “Comparative assessment of the tensile behavior of steel and textile reinforced mortar systems.” ACI Spec. Publ. 324: 2.1–2.14.
Moon, L., D. Dizhur, I. Senaldi, H. Derakhshan, M. Griffith, G. Magenes, and J. Ingham. 2014. “The demise of the URM building stock in Christchurch during the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence.” Earthquake Spectra 30: 253–276. https://doi.org/10.1193/022113EQS044M.
National Standard. 2009. Standard for test method of performance on building mortar. [In Chinese.] JGJ/T70-2009. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
Parisi, F., I. Iovinella, A. Balsamo, N. Augenti, and A. Prota. 2013. “In-plane behaviour of tuff masonry strengthened with inorganic matrix–grid composites.” Composites, Part B 45 (1): 1657–1666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.068.
Priestley, M., and T. Paulay. 1992. Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. New York: Wiley.
Prota, A., G. Marcari, G. Fabbrocino, G. Manfredi, and C. Aldea. 2006. “Experimental in-plane behavior of tuff masonry strengthened with cementitious matrix-grid composites.” J. Compos. Constr. 10: 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:3(223).
Sagar, S. L., V. Singhal, D. C. Rai, and P. Gudur. 2017. “Diagonal shear and out-of-plane flexural strength of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix–strengthened masonry walletes.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (4): 04017016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000796.
Silva, P. F., P. Yu, and A. Nanni. 2008. “Monte Carlo simulation of shear capacity of URM walls retrofitted by polyurea reinforced GFRP grids.” J. Compos. Constr. 12(4): 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:4(405),405%E2%80%93415.
Singhal, V., and D. C. Rai. 2014. “Suitability of half-scale burnt clay bricks for shake table tests on masonry walls.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26: 644–657. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000861.
Tetta, Z. C., and D. A. Bournas. 2016. “TRM vs FRP jacketing in shear strengthening of concrete members subjected to high temperatures.” Composites, Part B 106: 190–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.026.
Valluzzi, M. R., C. Modena, and G. de Felice. 2014. “Current practice and open issues in strengthening historical buildings with composites.” Mater. Struct. 47: 1971–1985. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0359-7.
Wang, X., C. C. Lam, and V. P. Iu. 2018. “Experimental investigation of in-plane shear behaviour of grey clay brick masonry panels strengthened with SRG.” Eng. Struct. 162: 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.027.
Wang, X., C. C. Lam, and V. P. Iu. 2019. “Comparison of different types of TRM composites for strengthening masonry panels.” Constr. Build. Mater. 219: 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.179.
Yardim, Y., and O. Lalaj. 2016. “Shear strengthening of unreinforced masonry wall with different fiber reinforced mortar jacketing.” Constr. Build. Mater. 102: 149–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.095.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 21, 2020
Accepted: Feb 19, 2021
Published online: Mar 26, 2021
Published in print: Jun 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Aug 26, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.