Strengthening of In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Capacity of Thin Clay Masonry Infills Using Textile- and Fiber-Reinforced Mortar
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 24, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the experimental results obtained by combined in-plane/out-of-plane (IP/OOP) tests carried out on reinforced concrete (RC) frames infilled with thin clay masonry walls. After preliminary characterization tests on building materials, combined IP/OOP tests on eight full-scale, one-bay, one-story infilled RC frames were carried out. Three external strengthening solutions were investigated considering three types of lime-based plasters, reinforced by means of dispersed fibers and/or bidirectional basalt meshes, applied on both sides of each wall. The experimental results of the tested frames are presented, discussed, and compared to evaluate the performance and the effectiveness of each strengthening solution.
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Acknowledgments
This research activity was funded by Kerakoll S.p.A. This study has been also partly supported by a program funded by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers Department of Civil Protection (2019–2021 DPC- ReLUIS). The experimental tests were carried out at the Laboratory of Structural Materials Testing of the University of Padova, Italy.
(All photos: University of Padova and Kerakoll S.p.A., Italy.)
Notation
The following notation symbols are used in this paper:
- Ar
- cross-section area of infill wall reinforcement;
- aeq
- equivalent seismic acceleration;
- d
- effective depth of reinforcement;
- Er
- Young modulus of reinforcement;
- Fa
- horizontal seismic force acting on a masonry infill;
- Fmax
- maximum resistance of infill wall;
- Fult
- ultimate resistance of infill wall, corresponding to resistance degradation of 20%;
- fmd
- design compressive strength of masonry;
- fyd
- design tensile strength of reinforcement;
- hw
- height of infill wall;
- Lw
- length of infill wall;
- Mr
- flexural capacity of infill wall;
- Mr,a
- bending moment, calculated per unit length, due to arching mechanism;
- Mr,c
- flexural capacity of the infill wall due to compressive failure of masonry;
- Mr,r
- bending moment, calculated per unit length, due to tensile strength of reinforcement;
- Mr,t
- flexural capacity of the infill wall due to tensile reinforcement failure;
- Ms
- calculated acting moment per unit length of infill wall;
- NSd
- vertical load acting on the wall;
- pa
- seismic pressure acting on infill wall surface;
- qa
- behavior factor of infill wall;
- qlat,d
- design lateral strength, expressed as a uniform load distributed over the wall length;
- Rc
- resultant of compression forces on masonry;
- Rt
- resultant of tensile stresses on reinforcement;
- R1
- out-of-plane strength reduction factor taking into account the in-plane damage of infill;
- R2
- out-of-plane strength reduction factor taking into account the confining frame flexibility;
- S
- soil amplification factor;
- Sa
- maximum out-of-plane acceleration acting on the infill wall;
- Ta
- fundamental vibration period of the infill wall in the out-of-plane direction;
- T1
- fundamental vibration period of the building in the considered direction;
- tw
- thickness of infill wall;
- Wa
- weight of infill wall;
- x
- depth of neutral axis;
- α
- reduction coefficient to take into account long-term effects on the compressive strength;
- β
- coefficient to calculate the depth of the stress block;
- βa,exp
- masonry strength reduction factor, function of the in-plane drift;
- δ
- out-of-plane displacement;
- δFmax
- out-of-plane displacement at the maximum out-of-plane strength;
- ɛmu
- ultimate deformation of masonry;
- ɛrd
- ultimate deformation of reinforcement;
- θ
- in-plane inter-story drift ratio;
- θFmax
- inter-story drift ratio at maximum resistance;
- θFult
- inter-story drift ratio at ultimate resistance;
- θIP
- maximum level of in-plane drift ratio applied to the specimen;
- λ
- slenderness ratio of infill wall; and
- ρ
- slenderness parameter of infill wall.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 24 • Issue 6 • December 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 24, 2019
Accepted: May 27, 2020
Published online: Aug 18, 2020
Published in print: Dec 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Jan 18, 2021
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