Seismic Performance of RC Columns Strengthened with Textile-Reinforced Concrete in Chloride Environment
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 24, Issue 1
Abstract
To analyze the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) and subjected to a chloride environment, ten TRC-strengthened columns were prepared, and cyclic loading tests were carried out after exposing the columns to chloride dry–wet cycles. The effect of the number of dry–wet cycles, axial compression ratio, shear span ratio, and stirrup spacing was studied. The results showed that chloride dry–wet cycles had little effect on the seismic performance of the TRC-strengthened columns and that a certain number of dry–wet cycles (not more than 180) may be beneficial to seismic performance. With an increase in the axial compression ratio, the stiffness of the strengthened columns degraded rapidly, and the energy dissipation and deformation capacity also decreased. Strengthened columns with higher shear span ratios performed better in terms of ductility and cumulative energy consumption than those with lower shear span ratios. However, TRC effectively improved the deformation capacity of strengthened columns with low shear span ratios. The higher the stirrup ratio was, the better the behavior of the strengthened columns was in terms of ductility, deformability, and energy dissipation capacity. Therefore, the seismic performance of RC columns in a chloride environment can be improved by strengthening with TRC.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Program of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2017XKZD09). The experimental work described in this paper was conducted at the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Civil Engineering at the China University of Mining and Technology. Help from staff and students in the laboratory during testing is greatly appreciated.
References
Alhaddad, M. S., N. A. Siddiqui, A. A. Abadel, S. H. Alsayed, and Y. A. Al-Salloum. 2012. “Numerical investigations on the seismic behavior of FRP and TRM upgraded RC exterior beam-column joints.” J. Compos. Constr. 16 (3): 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000265.
Al-Salloum, Y. A., N. A. Siddiqui, H. M. Elsanadedy, A. A. Abadel, and M. A. Aqel. 2011. “Textile-reinforced mortar versus FRP as strengthening material for seismically deficient RC beam-column joints.” J. Compos. Constr. 15 (6): 920–933. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000222.
Biondini, F., E. Camnasio, and A. Palermo. 2014. “Lifetime seismic performance of concrete bridges exposed to corrosion.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 10 (7): 880–900. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2012.761248.
Bosche, A., F. Jesse, R. Ortlepp, S. Weiland, and M. Curbach. 2008. “Textile-reinforced concrete for flexural strengthening of RC-structures—Part 1: Structural behavior and design model.” In Design and applications of textile-reinforced concrete, 19–40. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
Bournas, D. A., P. V. Lontou, C. G. Papanicolaou, and T. C. Triantafillou. 2007. “Textile-reinforced mortar versus fiber-reinforced polymer confinement in reinforced concrete columns.” ACI Struct. J. 104 (6): 740–748.
Bournas, D. A., and T. C. Triantafillou. 2011. “Bar buckling in RC columns confined with composite materials.” J. Compos. Constr. 15 (3): 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000180.
Bournas, D. A., T. C. Triantafillou, K. Zygouris, and F. Stavropoulos. 2009. “Textile-reinforced mortar versus FRP jacketing in seismic retrofitting of RC columns with continuous or lap-spliced deformed bars.” J. Compos. Constr. 13 (5): 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000028.
Bru, D., A. González, F. J. Baeza, and S. Ivorra. 2018. “Seismic behavior of 1960’s RC buildings exposed to marine environment.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 90 (Aug): 324–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.02.011.
Cody, R. D., A. M. Cody, P. G. Spry, and H. Lee. 2001. Reduction of concrete deterioration by ettringite using crystal growth inhibition techniques. Ames, IA: Iowa State Univ.
Colomb, F., H. Tobbi, E. Ferrier, and P. Hamelin. 2008. “Seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete short columns by CFRP materials.” Compos. Struct. 82 (4): 475–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.01.028.
Costa, A. D., M. Fenaux, J. Fernández, E. Sanchez, and A. Moragues. 2013. “Modelling of chloride penetration into non-saturated concrete: Case study application for real marine offshore structures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 43 (6): 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.009.
Deng, Z. C., H. C. Zeng, and X. D. Zhang. 2010. “Seismic performance of square reinforced concrete columns strengthened with hybrid FRP.” [In Chinese.] J. Beijing Univ. Technol. 36 (8): 1069–1076.
Duprat, F. 2007. “Reliability of RC beams under chloride-ingress.” Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (8): 1605–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.08.002.
Feng, P., S. Cheng, Y. Bai, and L. P. Ye. 2015. “Mechanical behavior of concrete-filled square steel tube with FRP-confined concrete core subjected to axial compression.” Compos. Struct. 123 (May): 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.053.
Gjørv, O. E. 2014. Durability design of concrete structures in severe environments. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Hegger, J., and S. Voss. 2008. “Investigations on the bearing behavior and application potential of textile reinforced concrete.” Eng. Struct. 30 (7): 2050–2056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.01.006.
Julio, G. R., M. S. José, F. Pedro, and X. Jose. 2015. “Effect of wet-dry cycles on the bond behaviour of concrete elements strengthened with NSM CFRP laminate strips.” Compos. Struct. 132 (Nov): 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.05.053.
Koutas, L., S. N. Bousias, and T. C. Triantafillou. 2015. “Seismic strengthening of masonry-infilled RC frames with TRM: Experimental study.” J. Compos. Constr. 19 (2): 04014048. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000507.
Li, J. B., J. X. Gong, and L. C. Wang. 2009. “Seismic behavior of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete columns strengthened using combined carbon fiber-reinforced polymer and steel jacket.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (7): 2653–2663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.01.003.
Liang, H. J., S. Li, Y. Y. Lu, and T. Yang. 2018. “Reliability analysis of bond behaviour of CFRP-concrete interface under wet-dry cycles.” Materials 11 (5): 741. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11050741.
Luo, R., Y. Cai, C. Wang, and X. Huang. 2003. “Study of chloride binding and diffusion in GGBS concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 33 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00712-3.
Ombres, L., and S. Verre. 2015. “Structural behaviour of fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) strengthened concrete columns under eccentric loading.” Compos. Part B 75 (Jun): 235–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.01.042.
Pantazopoulou, S. J., J. F. Bonacci, S. Sheikh, M. D. A. Thomas, and N. Hearn. 2001. “Repair of corrosion-damaged columns with FRP wraps.” J. Compos. Constr. 5 (1): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:1(3).
Park, R., and T. Paulay. 1975. Reinforced concrete structures. New York: Wiley.
Promis, G., and E. Ferrier. 2012. “Performance indices to assess the efficiency of external FRP retrofitting of reinforced concrete short columns for seismic strengthening.” Constr. Build. Mater. 26 (1): 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.067.
Ramaglia, G., G. P. Lignola, A. Balsamo, A. Prota, and G. Manfredi. 2017. “Seismic strengthening of masonry vaults with abutments using textile-reinforced mortar.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (2): 04016079. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000733.
Singh, R. A., and S. U. Kumar. 2018. “Corroded reinforced concrete columns under simulated seismic loading.” Eng. Struct. 171 (Sep): 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.097.
Triantafillou, T. C., and C. G. Papanicolaou. 2005. Textile reinforced mortars (TRM) versus fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) as strengthening materials of concrete structures. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
Triantafillou, T. C., and C. G. Papanicolaou. 2006. “Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete members with textile reinforced mortar (TRM) jackets.” Mater. Struct. 39 (1): 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11527-005-9034-3.
Triantafillou, T. C., C. G. Papanicolaou, P. Zissimopoulos, and T. Laourdekis. 2006. “Concrete confinement with textile-reinforced mortar jackets.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (1): 28–37.
Wang, D. Y., L. Huang, T. Yu, and Z. Y. Wang. 2017. “Seismic performance of CFRP-retrofitted large-scale square RC columns with high axial compression ratios.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (5): 04017031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000813.
Xiao, Y., and R. Ma. 1997. “Seismic retrofit of RC circular columns using prefabricated composite jacketing.” J. Struct. Eng. 123 (10): 1357–1364. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:10(1357).
Yin, S. P., C. Peng, and Z. Y. Jin. 2017a. “Research on mechanical properties of axial compressive concrete columns strengthened with TRC under a conventional and chloride wet-dry cycle environment.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (1): 04016061. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000725.
Yin, S. P., J. Sheng, X. X. Wang, and S. G. Li. 2016. “Experimental investigations of the bending fatigue performance of TRC-strengthened RC beams in conventional and aggressive chlorate environments.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (2): 04015051. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000617.
Yin, S. P., Y. Yang, T. Ye, and Y. Li. 2017b. “Experimental research on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with TRC under corrosion environment.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (5): 04016231. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001713.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 24 • Issue 1 • February 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 19, 2018
Accepted: Jun 19, 2019
Published online: Dec 7, 2019
Published in print: Feb 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 7, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.