Technical Papers
Nov 24, 2018

Effect of Beam Depth on Shear Behavior of FRP RC Beams

Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 23, Issue 1

Abstract

The behavior of shear critical fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) RC elements is characterized by the development of comparatively large strains and crack widths, which can be strongly influenced by their relative geometrical size. This paper investigates experimentally the size effect on the shear behavior of FRP RC beams with and without shear reinforcement and with overall depth varying from 260 to 460 mm. The results confirm a considerable size effect for members without shear reinforcement, with an average reduction in normalized shear strength of about 19% and a maximum value up to 40%. It is also shown that current design provisions are overall conservative, but with nonuniform margins of safety that decrease with increasing member depth. It is anticipated that the results of this study will help improve the efficiency of future design equations for the shear strength of FRP RC.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the EU FP7 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Initial Training Network European Network for Durable Reinforcement and Rehabilitation Solutions (ENDURE) program (Grant Agreement No. 607851). The authors thank the European Commission for its financial support and for providing wide networking opportunities within the research community.

References

AASHTO. 2007. LRFD bridge design specifications. 4th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2015. Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars. ACI 440.1R-15. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute)-ASCE Committee 445. 1998. “Recent approaches to shear design of structural concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 124 (12), 1375–1417. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1375).
Alam, M. S., and A. Hussein. 2012. “Size effect on shear strength of FRP reinforced concrete beams without stirrups.” J. Compos. Constr. 17 (4): 507–516. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000346.
Alsayed, S. H., Y. A. Al-Salloum, and T. H. Almusallam. 2000. “Performance of glass fiber reinforced plastic bars as a reinforcing material for concrete structures.” Compos. Part B 31 (6): 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(99)00049-9.
Angelakos, D., E. C. Bentz, and M. P. Collins. 2001. “Effect of concrete strength and minimum stirrups on shear strength of large members.” J. Struct. Eng. 98 (3): 290–300.
Ashour, A. F., and I. F. Kara. 2014. “Size effect on shear strength of FRP reinforced concrete beams.” Compos. Part B 60 (Apr): 612–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.002.
Bazant, Z. P. 1984. “Size effect in blunt fracture: Concrete, rock, metal.” J. Eng. Mech. 110 (4): 518–535.
Bazant, Z. P., and M. T. Kazemi. 1991. “Size effect on diagonal shear failure of beams without stirrups.” ACI Struct. J. 88 (3): 268–276.
Bazant, Z. P., and J. K. Kim. 1984. “Size effect in shear failure of longitudinally reinforced beams.” ACI J. 8: 456–468.
Benmokrane, B., O. Chaallal, and R. Masmoudi. 1995. “Glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) rebars for concrete structures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 9 (6): 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00048-8.
Bentz, E. C. 2005. “Empirical modeling of reinforced concrete shear strength size effect for members without stirrups.” ACI Struct. J. 102 (2): 232.
Bentz, E. C., L. Massam, and M. P. Collins. 2010. “Shear strength of large concrete members with FRP reinforcement.” J. Compos. Constr. 14 (6): 637–646. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000108.
BISE (British Institution of Structural Engineers). 1999. Interim guidance on the design of reinforced concrete structures using fiber composite reinforcement. London: IStructE.
Burgoyne, C. J., and R. Scantlebury. 2006. “Why did Palau Bridge collapse?” Struct. Eng. 84 (11): 30–37.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2004. Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. EN 1992-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Collins, M. P., and D. Kuchma. 1999. “How safe are our large, lightly reinforced concrete beams, slabs, and footings?” ACI Struct. J. 96 (4): 482–490.
Collins, M. P., D. Mitchell, P. Adebar, and F. J. Vecchio. 1996. “A general shear design method.” ACI Struct. J. 93 (1): 36–45.
Collins, M. P., D. Mitchell, and E. C. Bentz. 2008. “Shear design of concrete structures.” Struct. Eng. 86 (10): 32–39.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2012. Design and construction of building structures with fibre-reinforced polymers. CSA S806-12. Mississauga, ON, Canada: CSA.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2014. Canadian highway bridge design code. CSA S6-14. Mississauga, ON, Canada: CSA.
El-Sayed, A. K., and B. Benmokrane. 2008. “Evaluation of the new Canadian highway bridge design code shear provisions for concrete beams with fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 35 (6): 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1139/L08-009.
El-Sayed, A. K., E. F. El-Salakawy, and B. Benmokrane. 2006. “Shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (2): 235.
fib (Fédération Internationale du Béton). 2007. FRP reinforcement in RC structures. fib. Lausanne, Switzerland: fib.
fib (Fédération Internationale du Béton). 2013. Model code for concrete structures 2010. Weinheim, Germany: Ernst & Sohn.
Frosch, R. J. 2000. “Behavior of large-scale reinforced concrete beams with minimum shear reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 97 (6): 814–820.
Guadagnini, M., K. Pilakoutas, and P. Waldron. 2003. “Shear performance of FRP reinforced concrete beams.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 22 (15): 1389–1407. https://doi.org/10.1177/073168403035579.
Guadagnini, M., K. Pilakoutas, and P. Waldron. 2006. “Shear resistance of FRP RC beams: Experimental study.” J. Compos. Constr. 10 (6): 464–473. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:6(464).
Hassan, T. K., H. M. Seliem, H. Dwairi, S. H. Rizkalla, and P. Zia. 2008. “Shear behavior of large concrete beams reinforced with high-strength steel.” ACI Struct. J. 105 (2): 173.
Helal, Y., R. Garcia, K. Pilakoutas, M. Guadagnini, and I. Hajirasouliha. 2016. “Strengthening of short splices in RC beams using post-tensioned metal straps.” Mater. Struct. 49 (1–2): 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0481-6.
Hoult, N. A., E. G. Sherwood, E. C. Bentz, and M. P. Collins. 2008. “Does the use of FRP reinforcement change the one-way shear behavior of reinforced concrete slabs?” J. Compos. Constr. 12 (2): 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:2(125).
Imjai, T., M. Guadagnini, R. Garcia, and K. Pilakoutas. 2016. “A practical method for determining shear crack induced deformation in FRP RC beams.” Eng. Struct. 126 (Nov): 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.08.007.
ISIS (Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures) Canada. 2007. Reinforcing concrete structures with fiber reinforced polymers. ISIS-M03-07. Winnipeg, Canada: Univ. of Winnipeg.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). 1997. Recommendation for design and construction of concrete structures using continuous fiber reinforcing materials: Concrete engineering series 23. Edited by A. Machida. Tokyo: JSCE.
Kani, G. 1967. “How safe are our large reinforced concrete beams?” J. Proc. 64 (3): 128–141.
Lubell, A., T. Sherwood, E. Bentz, and M. Collins. 2004. “Safe shear design of large wide beams.” Concr. Int. 26 (1): 66–78.
Mahmoud, K., and E. El-Salakawy. 2015. “Shear strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete continuous beams without transverse reinforcement.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 42 (12): 1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0238.
Mahmoud, K., and E. El-Salakawy. 2016. “Size effect on shear strength of glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete continuous beams.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (1): 125. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688065.
Massam, L. 2001. “The behaviour of GFRP reinforced concrete beams in shear.” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto.
Matta, F., A. K. El-Sayed, A. Nanni, and B. Benmokrane. 2013. “Size effect on concrete shear strength in beams reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 110 (4): 617–628.
Matta, F., A. Nanni, N. Galati, and F. Mosele. 2007. “Size effect on shear strength of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars.” In Vol. 2 of Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures (FraMCoS-6), edited by Balkema/Taylor & Francis, 17–22. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Nanni, A. 1993. “Flexural behavior and design of RC members using FRP reinforcement.” J. Struct. Eng. 119 (11): 3344–3359. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:11(3344).
NRC (National Research Council). 2006. Guide for the design and construction of concrete structures reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars. CNR-DT 203. Rome: NRC.
Pilakoutas, K., K. Neocleous, and M. Guadagnini. 2002. “Design philosophy issues of fiber reinforced polymer reinforced concrete structures.” J. Compos. Constr. 6 (3): 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:3(154).
Razaqpur, A. G., B. O. Isgor, S. Greenaway, and A. Selley. 2004. “Concrete contribution to the shear resistance of fiber reinforced polymer reinforced concrete members.” J. Compos. Constr. 8 (5): 452–460. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:5(452).
Razaqpur, A. G., and O. B. Isgor. 2006. “Proposed shear deign method for FRP-reinforced concrete members without stirrups.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (1): 93–102.
Razaqpur, A. G., M. Shedid, and B. Isgor. 2010. “Shear strength of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams subject to unsymmetric loading.” J. Compos. Constr. 15 (4): 500–512. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000184.
Reineck, K.-H. 1991. “Ultimate shear force of structural concrete members without transverse reinforcement derived from a mechanical model.” ACI Struct. J. 88 (5): 592–602.
Serbescu, A., M. Guadagnini, and K. Pilakoutas. 2014. “Mechanical characterization of basalt FRP rebars and long-term strength predictive model.” J. Compos. Constr. 19 (2): 04014037. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000497.
Shioya, T., M. Iguro, Y. Nojiri, H. Akiyama, and T. Okada. 1990. “Shear strength of large reinforced concrete beams.” Spec. Publ. 118: 259–280.
Tureyen, A. K., and R. J. Frosch. 2002. “Shear tests of FRP-reinforced concrete beams without stirrups.” Struct. J. 99 (4): 427–434.
Walraven, J., and N. Lehwalter. 1994. “Size effect in short beams loaded in shear.” ACI Struct. J. 91 (5): 585–593.
Yost, J. R., S. P. Gross, and D. W. Dinehart. 2001. “Shear strength of normal strength concrete beams reinforced with deformed GFRP bars.” J. Compos. Constr. 5 (4): 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:4(268).
Yu, L., Y. Che, and Y. Song. 2013. “Shear behavior of large reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 16 (4): 653–665. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.16.4.653.
Zoghi, M. 2013. The international handbook of FRP composites in civil engineering. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Composites for Construction
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 23Issue 1February 2019

History

Received: Mar 26, 2018
Accepted: Jul 20, 2018
Published online: Nov 24, 2018
Published in print: Feb 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Apr 24, 2019

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

S. Cholostiakow, S.M.ASCE [email protected]
Marie Curie Fellow, Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, Univ. of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Bldg., Mappin St., Sheffield S1 3JD, UK (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
M. Di Benedetti
University Teacher, Multidisciplinary Engineering Education, Univ. of Sheffield, The Diamond, 32 Leavygreave Rd., Sheffield S3 7RD, UK.
K. Pilakoutas
Professor of Construction Innovation, Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, Univ. of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Bldg., Mappin St., Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
M. Guadagnini
Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, Univ. of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Bldg., Mappin St., Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share