Concentrated and Distributed Plasticity Models for Seismic Repair of Damaged RC Bridge Columns
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 22, Issue 5
Abstract
Two models, Model Fiber and Model Rotational Spring (RS), simulating the seismic performance of repaired column-to-cap beam/footing connections using a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) donut are presented in this paper. In Model Fiber, distributed plasticity was assumed over a plastic hinge length of the nonlinear beam-column element. In Model RS, concentrated plasticity was considered using a nonlinear moment rotational spring located at the repaired cross section. Previous concrete damage and low-cycle fatigue of longitudinal steel bars as well as bond-slip between the damaged steel bars and surrounding concrete were included in the proposed numerical models. Numerical simulations show that the results are in good agreement with the experiments in terms of structural response, cumulative hysteretic energy, and moment-rotation capacity. Model Fiber can also predict the local response and low-cycle fatigue of the longitudinal steel bars. Using appropriate pinching parameters, Model RS can model accurate pinching behavior for both the repaired cast-in-place (CIP) and precast concrete specimens.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Mountain Plains Consortium under contract MPC-491. In addition, they would like to acknowledge the support of Dr. Luis Ibarra, MJ Ameli, Mark Bryant, Priyank Sankholkar, Trevor Nye, Anurag Upadhyay, and Joel Parks of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Utah.
References
AASHTO. 2011. AASHTO guide specifications for LRFD seismic bridge design. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2015. Guide for the design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP bars. ACI 440.1R-15. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Ameli, M. J., D. N. Brown, J. E. Parks, and C. P. Pantelides. 2016. “Seismic column-to-footing connections using grouted splice sleeves.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (5): 1021–1030.
Ameli, M. J., and C. P. Pantelides. 2016. “Seismic analysis of precast concrete bridge columns connected with grouted splice sleeve connectors.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (2): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001678.
Ameli, M. J., J. E. Parks, D. N. Brown, and C. P. Pantelides. 2015. “Seismic evaluation of grouted splice sleeve connections for reinforced precast concrete column-to-cap beam joints in accelerated bridge construction.” PCI J. 60 (2): 80–103. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03012015.80.103.
Braga, F., R. Gigliotti, M. Laterza, M. D. Amato, and S. Kunnath. 2012. “Modified steel bar model incorporating bond-slip for seismic assessment of concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 138 (11): 1342–1350. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000587.
CEB-FIP (Comite Euro-International du Beton–Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte). 1993. CEB-FIP model code 1990. London: Thomas Telford.
CEB-FIP (Comite Euro-International du Beton–Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte). 2012. CEB-FIP model code 2010. London: Thomas Telford.
D’Amato, M., F. Braga, R. Gigliotti, S. Kunnath, and M. Laterza. 2012. “Validation of a modified steel bar model incorporating bond-slip for seismic assessment of concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 138 (11): 1351–1360. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000588.
Dhakal, R. P., and K. Maekawa. 2002. “Modeling for postyield buckling of reinforcement.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (9): 1139–1147. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1139).
Eligehausen, R., E. P. Popov, and V. V. Bertero. 1982. “Local bond stress-slip relationships of deformed bars under generalized excitations.” In Proc., 7th European Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 69–80. Istanbul, Turkey: European Association for Earthquake Engineering.
Gergely, I., C. P. Pantelides, R. J. Nuismer, and L. D. Reaveley. 1998. “Bridge pier retrofit using fiber-reinforced plastic composites.” J. Compos. Constr. 2 (4): 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:4(165).
Harajli, M. H. 2009. “Bond stress-slip model for steel bars in unconfined or steel, FRC, or FRP confined concrete under cyclic loading.” J. Struct. Eng. 135 (5): 509–518. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:5(509).
Haselton, C. B., and G. G. Deierlein. 2008. Assessing seismic collapse safety of modern reinforced concrete moment-frame buildings. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center.
Haselton, C. B., A. B. Liel, S. C. Taylor-Lange, and G. G. Deierlein. 2016. “Calibration of model to simulate response of reinforced concrete beam-columns to collapse.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (6): 1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689245.
He, R., L. H. Sneed, and A. Belarbi. 2013. “Rapid repair of severely damaged RC columns with different damage conditions: An experimental study.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater. 7 (1): 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-013-0030-7.
He, R., Y. Yang, and L. H. Sneed. 2015. “Seismic repair of reinforced concrete bridge columns: Review of research findings.” J. Bridge Eng. 20 (12): 04015015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000760.
He, R., Y. Yang, and L. H. Sneed. 2016. “Post-repair seismic assessment of RC bridges damaged with fractured column bars—A numerical approach.” Eng. Struct. 112: 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.007.
Ibarra, L. F., and H. Krawinkler. 2005. Global collapse of frame structures under seismic excitations. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Kunnath, S. K., and J. Brown. 2004. “Low-cycle fatigue failure of reinforcing steel bars.” ACI Mater. J. 101 (6): 457–466.
Kunnath, S. K., Y. Heo, and J. F. Mohle. 2009. “Nonlinear uniaxial material model for reinforcing steel bars.” J. Struct. Eng. 135 (4): 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:4(335).
Mander, J. B., M. J. N. Priestley, and R. Park. 1989. “Observed stress-strain behavior of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 114 (8): 1827–1849. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1827).
Mazzoni, S., F. McKenna, M. H. Scott, and G. L. Fenves. 2007. OpenSees command language manual. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Ozcan, O., B. Binici, and G. Ozcebe. 2008. “Improving seismic performance of deficient reinforced concrete columns using carbon fiber-reinforced polymers.” Eng. Struct. 30 (6): 1632–1646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.013.
Panagiotakos, T. B., and M. N. Fardis. 2001. “Deformation of reinforced concrete members at yielding and ultimate.” ACI Struct. J. 98 (2): 135–148.
Pantelides, C. P., and D. A. Moran. 2013. “Design of FRP jackets for plastic hinge confinement of RC columns.” J. Compos. Constr. 17 (4): 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000332.
Parks, J. E., D. N. Brown, M. J. Ameli, and C. P. Pantelides. 2016. “Seismic repair of severely damaged precast reinforced concrete bridge columns connected with grouted splice sleeves.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (3): 615–626. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688756.
Priestley, M. J. N., F. Seible, Y. Xiao, and R. Verma. 1994. “Steel jacket retrofitting of reinforced concrete bridge columns for enhanced shear strength. Part 1: Theoretical considerations and test design.” ACI Struct. J. 91 (4): 394–405.
Rutledge, S. T., M. J. Kowalsky, R. Seracino, and J. M. Nau. 2014. “Repair of reinforced concrete bridge columns containing buckled and fractured reinforcement by plastic hinge relocation.” J. Bridge Eng. 19 (8): A4013001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000492.
Saadatmanesh, H., M. R. Ehsani, and L. Jin. 1997. “Repair of earthquake-damaged RC columns with FRP wraps.” ACI Struct. J. 94 (2): 206–214.
Scott, M. H., and G. L. Fenves. 2006. “Plastic hinge integration methods for force-based beam-column elements.” J. Struct. Eng. 132 (2): 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:2(244).
Seible, B. F., M. J. N. Priestley, G. A. Hegemier, and D. Innamorato. 1997. “Seismic retrofit of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets.” J. Compos. Constr. 1 (2): 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1997)1:2(52).
Uriz, P., and S. A. Mahin. 2008. Toward earthquake-resistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame structures. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Vosooghi, A., and M. S. Saiidi. 2013. “Design guidelines for rapid repair of earthquake-damaged circular RC bridge columns using CFRP.” J. Bridge Eng. 18 (9): 827–836. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000426.
Wehbe, N. I., M. S. Saiidi, and D. H. Sanders. 1999. “Seismic performance of rectangular bridge columns with moderate confinement.” ACI Struct. J. 96 (2): 248–258.
Wu, R.-Y., and C. P. Pantelides. 2017a. “Rapid repair and replacement of earthquake-damaged concrete columns using plastic hinge relocation.” Compos. Struct. 180: 467–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.051.
Wu, R.-Y., and C. P. Pantelides. 2017b. “Rapid seismic repair of reinforced concrete bridge columns.” ACI Struct. J. 114 (5): 1339–1350. https://doi.org/10.14359/51700789.
Wu, R.-Y., and C. P. Pantelides. 2017c. “Rapid seismic repair of severely damaged cast-in-place reinforced concrete bridge piers.” In Proc., Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Wu, R.-Y., and C. P. Pantelides. 2017d. “Rapid seismic repair of severely damaged reinforced concrete bridge piers.” In Proc., Structures Congress 2017, 370–381. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Wu, R.-Y., and C. P. Pantelides. 2018a. “Analytical models for seismic repair of bridge columns using plastic hinge relocation.” In Proc., Structures Congress 2018, 296–307. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Wu, R.-Y., and C. P. Pantelides. 2018b. “Seismic analysis of repaired RC bridge column assemblies using advanced composites.” In Proc., 11th US National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (11NCEE). Los Angeles: EERI.
Xiao, Y., and R. Ma. 1997. “Seismic retrofit of RC circular columns using prefabricated composite jacketing.” J. Struct. Eng. 123 (10): 1357–1364. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:10(1357).
Yan, Z., C. P. Pantelides, and L. D. Reaveley. 2007. “Posttensioned FRP composite shells for concrete confinement.” J. Compos. Constr. 11 (1): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:1(81).
Zhao, J., and S. Sritharan. 2007. “Modeling of strain penetration effects in fiber-based analysis of reinforced concrete structures.” ACI Struct. J. 104 (2): 133–141.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 22 • Issue 5 • October 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 20, 2017
Accepted: Jun 8, 2018
Published online: Aug 15, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jan 15, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.