Creep Behavior of Glubam and CFRP-Enhanced Glubam Beams
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 20, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the creep behavior of glued laminated bamboo (glubam) and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP)-enhanced glubam beams. Short-term mechanical tests were first carried out to determine the tensile, compressive strengths, and modulus of elasticity of glubam. Then the Burger’s creep coefficients of glubam were determined by the in-house tensile and compressive creep tests, which were carried out under different constant stress levels for 365 days. A numerical analysis procedure based on the strain-relaxation method is established to simulate the creep response of CFRP-enhanced glubam beams. Parametric studies show that increasing the amount of the CFRP laminate can effectively decrease the creep response as well as the creep stress in the glubam beam. Comparison between the numerical and the test result of a full-scale model CFRP enhanced glubam girder bridge subjected to 3.5 years creep loading also show that the numerical creep deflections can well capture the trend of creep test results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research was conducted at the Institute of Bamboo, Timer, and Composite Structures (IBTCS) of Hunan University, under the joint support of the the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973-2012CB026200), the NSFC National Key Program (Project No. 50938002), and the Thousand-Talent National Expert Scholarships.
References
Armstrong, L., and Kingston, R. (1960). “Effect of moisture changes on creep in wood.” Nature, London, 185(4716), 862–863.
ASTM. (2009a). “Standard specification for evaluation of duration of load and creep effects of wood and wood-based products.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2009b). “Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bresler, B., and Selna, L. (1964). “Analysis of time-dependent behavior of reinforced concrete structures.” Proc., American Concrete Institute Symp. on Creep of Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 115–128.
Clouser, W. S. (1959). “Creep of small wood beams under constant bending load.”, USDA, Forest Service, Madison, WI.
Dagher, H. J., Kimball, T. E., Shaler, S. M., and Abdel-Magid, B. (1996). “Effect of FRP reinforcement on low grade eastern hemlock glulams.” Proc., National Conf. on Wood Transportation Structures, USDA, Washington, DC.
Davids, W. G., Dagher, H. J., and Breton, J. M. (2000). “Modeling creep deformations of FRP-reinforced glulam beams.” Wood Fiber Sci., 32(4), 426–441.
Findley, W. (1960). “Mechanism and mechanics of creep of plastics.” SPE J., 16(1), 57–65.
Forest Products Laboratory. (1999). “Wood as an engineering material.”, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 24.
Fridley, K. J., Tang, R., and Soltis, L. A. (1992). “Creep behavior model for structural lumber.” J. Struct. Eng., 2261–2277.
Gerhards, C. (1985). “Time-dependent bending deflections of Douglas-fir 2 by 4’s.” Forest Prod. J., 35(4), 18–26.
Gibson, E. (1965). “Creep of wood: Role of water and effect of a changing moisture content.” Nature, 206(4980), 213–215.
Hoffmeyer, P., and Davidson, R. (1989). “Mechano-sorptive creep mechanism of wood in compression and bending.” Wood Sci. Technol., 23(3), 215–227.
Hoyle, R. J., Griffith, M. C., and Itani, R. Y. (1985). “Primary creep in Douglas-fir beams of commercial size and quality.” Wood Fiber Sci., 17(3), 300–314.
Hunt, D. G., and Shelton, C. F. (1987). “Progress in the analysis of creep in wood during concurrent moisture changes.” J. Mater. Sci., 22(1), 313–320.
Li, L., Xiao, Y., and Yang, R. Z. (2012a). “Experimental study on creep and mechanical behavior of modern bamboo bridge structure.” Key Eng. Mater., 517, 141–149.
Li, Z., Xiao, Y., Shan, B., Li, L., and Wang, R. (2012b). “Monotonic and cyclic tests of round bamboo shear walls.” Key Eng. Mater., 517, 135–140.
Liese, W. (1987). “Research on bamboo.” Wood Sci. Technol., 21(3), 189–209.
Ottosen, N. S., and Ristinmaa, M. (2005). The mechanics of constitutive modeling, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Phillips, L. N. (1989). Design with advanced composite materials, Springer, London.
Plevris, N., and Triantafillou, T. C. (1992). “FRP-reinforced wood as structural material.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 300–317.
Plevris, N., and Triantafillou, T. C. (1995). “Creep behavior of FRP-reinforced wood members.” J. Struct. Eng., 174–186.
Ritter, M. A. (1990). “Timber bridges: Design, construction, inspection, and maintenance.” USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.
Schniewind, A. P. (1968). “Recent progress in the study of the rheology of wood.” Wood Sci. Technol., 2(3), 188–206.
Senft, J. F., and Suddarth, S. (1971). “An analysis of creep-inducing stress in Sitka spruce.” Wood Fiber Sci., 2(4), 321–327.
Xiao, Y., Li, L., and Yang, R. (2014). “Long-term loading behavior of a full-scale Glubam bridge model.” J. Bridge Eng., 04014027.
Xiao, Y., Shan, B., Chen, G., Zhou, Q., and She, L. (2008). “Development of a new type of glulam–GluBam.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Modern Bamboo Structures, CRC Press, London, 41–47.
Xiao, Y., Yang, R. Z., and Shan, B. (2013). “Production, environmental impact and mechanical properties of glubam.” Constr. Build. Mater., 44, 765–773.
Xiao, Y., Zhou, Q., and Shan, B. (2009). “Design and construction of modern bamboo bridges.” J. Bridge Eng., 533–541.
Yu, H. Q., Jiang, Z. H., Hse, C. Y., and Shupe, T. F. (2008). “Selected physical and mechanical properties of moso bamboo (phyllostachys pubescens).” J. Trop. Forest Sci., 20(4), 258–263.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 20 • Issue 1 • February 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 15, 2014
Accepted: Mar 30, 2015
Published online: Jun 10, 2015
Discussion open until: Nov 10, 2015
Published in print: Feb 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.