Durability of Concrete Cylinders Wrapped with GFRP Made from Furfuryl Alcohol Bioresin
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 18, Issue 6
Abstract
Very limited studies exist on the durability of “green” biocomposites, particularly resins, in the context of structural engineering applications. This paper investigates the durability of concrete cylinders wrapped with glass fiber reinforced bioresin made from furfuryl alcohol extracted from renewable sources such as corncobs and sugar cane. Conditioning was achieved by immersion of various groups of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP)-wrapped cylinders in saline solutions with 3% salt concentration, at 23, 40, and 55°C, for up to 300 days. The groups included control specimens fabricated with conventional epoxy resin for comparison and plain concrete cylinders. Specimens were then tested in axial compression, periodically, at 29, 97, 182, and 300 days. It was shown that control unconditioned epoxy-GFRP and bioresin-GFRP wrapped cylinders had the same strengthening ratio (). After conditioning for 300 days, the () ratio retentions for the bioresin-GFRP was 73% at all temperatures, and were 81, 76, and 76% for the epoxy-GFRP at the 23, 40, and 55°C, respectively. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out and showed that the small difference in the 300 days’ strength between the bioresin-GFRP and epoxy-GFRP specimens is statistically significant at the 23°C only, but not at 40°C and 55°C.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA).
References
ASTM. (2010a). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” C39, West Conshohoken, PA.
ASTM. (2010b). “Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the field.” C31.
Bank, L. C., Gentry, T. R., Thompson, B. P., and Russell, J. S. (2003). “A model specification for FRP composites for civil engineering structures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 17(6–7), 405–437.
Bisby, L. A., and Take, W. A. (2009). “Strain localisations in FRP-confined concrete: New insights.” Proc. ICE Struct. Build., 162(5), 301–309.
Casado, U., Marcovich, N. E., Aranguren, M. I., and Mosiewicki, M. A. (2009). “High-strength composites based on tung oil polyurethane and wood flour: Effect of the filler concentration on the mechanical properties.” Polymer Eng. Sci., 49(4), 713–721.
Chase, W., and Brown, F. (1997). General statistics, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Chen, Y., Davalos, J. F., and Ray, I. (2006). “Durability prediction for GFRP bars using short-term data of accelerated aging tests.” J. Compos. Constr., 279–286.
Chen, Y., Davalos, J. F., Ray, I., and Kim, H. (2007). “Accelerated aging tests for evaluations of durability performance of FRP reinforcing bars for concrete structures.” Compos. Struct., 78(1), 101–111.
Cromwell, J. R., Harries, K. A., and Shahrooz, B. M. (2011). “Environmental durability of externally bonded FRP materials intended for repair of concrete structures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(5), 2528–2539.
Dejke, V. (2001). “Durability of FRP reinforcement in concrete-literature review and experiments.” Tekn. Lic. thesis, Dept. of Building Materials, Chalmers, Univ. of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Fam, A., Eldridge, A., and Misra, M. (2013). “Mechanical characteristics of glass fibre reinforced polymer made of furfuryl alcohol bioresin.” J. Mater. Struct., in press.
Fyfe LLC. (2013). “Data sheets.” San Diego, CA, 〈http://www.fyfeco.com/products/data-sheets-msds/product-abstracts.aspx〉.
Gerritse, A. (1998). “Assessment of long term performance of FRP bars in concrete structures.” Durability of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) composites for construction, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, 285–297.
Kshirsagar, S., Lopez-Anido, R. A., and Gupta, R. K. (2000). “Environmental aging of fiber-reinforced polymer-wrapped concrete cylinders.” ACI Mater. J., 97(6), 703–712.
Li, F., Hasjim, J., and Larock, R. C. (2003). “Synthesis, structure, and thermophysical and mechanical properties of new polymers prepared by the cationic copolymerization of corn oil, styrene, and divinylbenzene.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90(7), 1830–1838.
Mirmiran, A., and Shahawy, M. (1997). “Behavior of concrete columns confined by fiber composites.” J. Struct. Eng., 583–590.
O’Donnell, A., Dweib, M. A., and Wool, R. P. (2004). “Natural fiber composites with plant oil-based resin.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 64(9), 1135–1145.
PennAKem. (2010). QuaCorr resins and catalysts, Tennessee, 〈http://www.pennakem.com/products/QuaCorr.html〉 (Nov. 2012).
Pessiki, S., Harries, K., Kestner, J., Sause, R., and Ricles, J. (2001). “Axial behavior of reinforced concrete columns confined with FRP jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 237–245.
Porter, M. L., Mehus, J., Young, K. A., O’Neil, E. F., and Barnes, B. A. (1997). “Aging for fiber reinforcement in concrete.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Japan Concrete Institute, Sapporo, Japan, 59–66.
Robert, M., and Fam, A. (2012). “Long-term performance of GFRP tubes filled with concrete and subjected to salt solution.” J. Compos. Constr., 217–224.
Robert, M., Roy, R., and Benmokrane, B. (2010). “Environmental effects on glass fiber reinforced polypropylene thermoplastic composite laminate for structural applications.” Polymer Compos., 31(4), 604–611.
Saenz, N., and Pantelides, C. P. (2006). “Short and medium term durability evaluation of FRP-confined circular concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 244–253.
Spoelstra, M., and Monti, G. (1999). “FRP-confined concrete model.” J. Compos. Constr., 143–150.
Toutanji, H. A. (1999). “Durability characteristics of concrete columns confined with advanced composite materials.” Compos. Struct., 44(2–3), 155–161.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 18 • Issue 6 • December 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 2, 2013
Accepted: Dec 5, 2013
Published online: Mar 4, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 4, 2014
Published in print: Dec 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.