Identification of the Short-Term Full-Section Moduli of Pultruded FRP Profiles Using Bending Tests
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 18, Issue 1
Abstract
Three-point and four-point bending tests are traditionally used to estimate the shear and flexural properties of pultruded fiber-reinforced plastic (PFRP) structural shapes. In the framework of Timoshenko’s beam model, the rigidities of beams can simply be obtained from linear combinations of the experimental deflections. However, several measurement uncertainties may affect the parameter identification. To analyze this drawback, a new test configuration was compared with the common three-point and four-point bending test configurations through an extensive experimental program concerning wide-flange commercial profiles. A parametric study was conducted by varying the span length, and, in the case of the four-point bending tests, the relative position of the applied loads. The influence of the load and deflection measurement errors was analyzed and proper uncertainty bands were provided for the computed rigidities.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The present investigation was developed in the framework of the National (Italian) Research Program n. 20089RJKYN coordinated by Prof. Paolo Bisegna from University of Rome “Tor Vergata” and of the Research Program FAR 2011 of the University of Ferrara. Moreover, the analyses were developed within the activities of the (Italian) University Network of Seismic Engineering Laboratories–ReLUIS – Progetto Esecutivo 2010-2013 – Research Line 3, coordinated by Profs. Luigi Ascione and Giorgio Serino. A special acknowledgement is due to Dr. Nicola Ponara for his contribution to the preparation of the experimental tests.
References
Bank, L. C. (1987). “Shear coefficients for thin-walled composite beams.” Compos. Struct., 8(1), 47–61.
Bank, L. C. (1989). “Flexural and shear moduli of full section fiber reinforced plastic pultruded beams.” J. Test. Eval., 17(1), 40–45.
Bank, L. C., Cofie, E., and Gerhardt, T. D. (1992). “A new test method for the determination of the flexural modulus of spirally wound paper tubes.” J. Eng. Mater., 114(1), 84–89.
Barbero, E. J. (1999). Introduction to composite materials, Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia.
Bert, C. W. (1973). “Simplified analysis of static shear factors for beams of nonhomogeneous cross section.” J. Compos. Mater., 7(4), 525–529.
Clarke, J. L., ed. (1996). Structural design of polymer composites—EUROCOMP design code and handbook, E&FN Spon, London.
Cowper, G. R. (1966). “The shear coefficient in Timoshenko’s beam theory.” J. Appl. Mech., 33(2), 335–340.
Creative Pultrusions. (2004). The new and improved Pultex pultrusion design manual of standard and custom fiber reinforced polymer structural profiles, Vol. 4, Creative Pultrusions, Inc., Alum Bank, PA.
Davalos, J. F., Qiao, P., Wang, J., Salim, H. A., and Schlussel, J. (2002). “Shear moduli of structural composites from torsion tests.” J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 36(10), 1151–1523.
European Committee for Standardization. (2002). “Reinforced plastics composites—Specifications for pultruded profiles—Part 2: Method of test and general requirements.”, Brussels, Belgium.
Hutchinson, J. R. (2001). “Shear coefficients for Timoshenko beam theory.” J. Appl. Mech., 68(1), 87–92.
Jensen, J. J. (1983). “On the shear coefficient in Timoshenko’s beam theory.” J. Sound. Vib., 87(4), 621–635.
Kollár, L. P., and Springer, G. S. (2003). Mechanics of composite structures, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Minghini, F. (2008). “Modeling of FRP pultruded structures using locking-free finite elements.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy 〈http://annali.unife.it/iuss/article/download/341/294〉.
Minghini, F., Tullini, N., and Laudiero, F. (2007). “Locking-free finite elements for shear deformable orthotropic thin-walled beams.” Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 72(7), 808–834.
Mottram, J. T. (1991). “Structural properties of pultruded E-glass fiber-reinforced polymeric I beam.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Composite Structures, Elsevier Applied Science, Barking, Essex, 1–28.
Mottram, J. T. (2004). “Shear modulus of standard pultruded fiber reinforced plastic material.” J. Compos. Construct., 8(2), 141–147.
National Research Council of Italy (CNR). (2008). “Guide for the design and construction of structures made of thin FRP pultruded elements.” CNR-DT 205/2007, 〈http://www.cnr.it/documenti/norme/IstruzioniCNR_DT205_2007_eng.pdf〉 (Nov. 26, 2012).
Omidvar, B. (1998). “Shear coefficient in orthotropic thin-walled composite beams.” J. Compos. Construct., 2(1), 46–56.
Roberts, T. M., and Al-Ubaidi, H. (2002). “Flexural and torsional properties of pultruded fiber reinforced plastic I-profiles.” J. Compos. Construct., 6(1), 28–34.
Roberts, T. M., and Masri, H. M. K. J. A. H. (2003). “Section properties and buckling behaviour of pultruded FRP profiles.” J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 22(14), 1305–1313.
Sims, G. D., Johnson, A. F., and Hill, R. D. (1987). “Mechanical and structural properties of GRP pultruded section.” Compos. Struct., 8(3), 173–187.
Stephen, N. G. (1980). “Timoshenko’s shear coefficients from a beam subjected to gravity loading.” J. Appl. Mech., 47(1), 121–127.
Stephen, N. G. (2002). “On ‘A check on the accuracy of Timoshenko’s beam theory.’” J. Sound. Vib., 257(4), 809–812.
Stephen, N. G., and Levinson, M. (1979). “A second order beam theory.” J. Sound. Vib., 67(3), 293–305.
Timoshenko, S. P. (1921). “On the correction for shear of the differential equation for transverse vibrations of prismatic bars.” Philos. Mag., 41(245), 744–746.
Wagner, H. D., Marom, G., and Roman, I. (1982). “Analysis of several loading methods for simultaneous determination of Young’s and shear moduli in composites.” Fibre Sci. Technol., 16(1), 61–65.
Whitney, J. M. (1973). “Shear correction factors for orthotropic laminates under static load.” J. Appl. Mech., 40(1), 302–304.
Zureick, A., and Scott, D. (1997). “Short-term behavior and design of fiber-reinforced polymeric slender members under axial compression.” J. Compos. Construct., 1(4), 140–149.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 18 • Issue 1 • February 2014
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 5, 2013
Accepted: Apr 23, 2013
Published online: Apr 25, 2013
Published in print: Feb 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Mar 18, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.