Investigating a Structural Form System for Concrete Girders Using Commercially Available GFRP Sheet-Pile Sections
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 13, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper presents a new girder consisting of a trapezoidal pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) hat-shaped section commercially available as a sheet pile, but used in this study as a structural form for concrete. It can also offer continuity in the transverse direction through a pin-and-eye connection. Five and 3,300-mm-long girders were tested in flexure to examine different bond systems, voided and solid concrete cores, and the performance in positive and negative bending. Bond systems were wet adhesive bond to freshly cast concrete, adhesively bonded coarse aggregates, and mechanical shear studs. No slip was observed between concrete and the GFRP section until delamination failure occurred within a thin layer of cement mortar that remained attached to GFRP. The studs failed by pull out from the concrete flange. In general, 47–75% of the full strengths of concrete and GFRP were reached at ultimate bond failure. Wet adhesive bonding was the simplest and quickest to apply, while resulting in a comparable strength to other systems. A “moment-curvature” analytical model, incorporating a robust bond failure criterion, was developed, validated, and used in a parametric study. It showed that varying the concrete compressive strength or thickness of the GFRP section has insignificant effect on the bond failure load. Also, there are critical values for shear span-to-depth ratio, shear strength of cement mortar, concrete strength, and width of the top GFRP flange, beyond which, the desired flexural failure mode would precede bond failure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers acknowledge the financial support of ISIS Canada research network. The writers are also grateful to David Tryon, Mark Nelson, and Elena Khazova at Queen’s University for their valuable assistance during the experimental program.
References
ASTM. (2008). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” C39/C39M-05E1, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (2005). “Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials.” D3039/D3039M, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Badie, S., Baishya, M., and Tadros, M. (1998). “NUDECK—A new prestressed stay-in-place concrete panel for bridge decks.” Proc., 1998 Transportation Conf., Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa.
Bank, L. C., Oliva, M. G., Bae, H. U., Barker, J. W., and Yoo, S. W. (2007). “Pultruded FRP plank as formwork and reinforcement for concrete members.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 10(5), 525–535.
Berg, A. C., Bank, L. C., Oliva, M. G., and Russell, J. S. (2004). “Construction of a FRP reinforced bridge deck on US Highway 151 in Wisconsin.” Proc., 83rd Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting (CD-ROM), Washington, D.C., 25.
Canadian Standards Association. (1994). “Design of concrete structures.” CSA standard A23.3-94, Toronto.
Cheng, L., and Karbhari, V. M. (2006). “New bridge systems using FRP composites and concrete: A state-of-the-art review.” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 8, 143–154.
Collins, M., and Mitchell, D. (1987). Prestressed concrete basics, Canadian Prestressed Concrete Institute, Ottawa.
Deskovic, N., Triantafillou, T. C., and Meier, U. (1995). “Innovative design of FRP combined with concrete: Short-term behavior.” J. Struct. Eng., 121(7), 1069–1078.
Dieter, D. A., Dietsche, J. S., Bank, L. C., Olivia, M. G., and Russel, J. S. (2002). “Concrete bridge decks constructed with fibre-reinforced polymer stay-in-place forms and grid reinforcing.” Transp. Res. Rec., 1814, 219–226.
Fam, A., Mandal, S., and Rizkalla, S. (2005). “Rectangular filament-wound GFRP tubes filled with concrete under flexural and axial loading: Analytical modeling.” J. Compos. Constr., 9(1), 34–43.
Fam, A., and Skutezky, T. (2006). “Composite T-beams using reduced scale rectangular FRP tubes and concrete slabs.” J. Compos. Constr., 10(2), 172–181.
Fardis, M. N., and Khalili, H. (1981). “Concrete encased in fibreglass-reinforced plastic.” ACI Struct. J., 78, 440–446.
GangaRao, V. S. H., and Siva, R. V. H. (2002). “Advances in fibre-reinforced polymer composite bridge decks.” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 4(2), 161–168.
Hall, J. E., and Mottram, J. T. (1998). “Combined FRP reinforcement and permanent formwork for concrete members.” J. Compos. Constr., 2(2), 78–86.
Harik, I., et al. (1999). “Testing of concrete/FRP composite deck panels.” Proc., 5th Construction Materials Congress, ASCE, Reston, Va., 351–358.
Hegemier, G., Arya, S., Krishnamoorthy, G., Nachbar, W., and Furgeson, R. (1978). “On the behavior of joints in concrete masonry.” Proc., North American Masonry Conf., Boulder, Colo., 4/1–4/21.
Honickman, H. (2008). “Pultruded GFRP sections as stay-in-place structural open formwork for concrete slabs and girders.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., 201.
Keller, T., Schaumann, E., and Valee, T. (2006). “Hybrid FRP-concrete sandwich bridge deck.” Proc., Third Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2006), Miami, 351–354.
Kluge, R. W., and Sawyer, H. A. (1975). “Interacting pretensioned concrete form panels for bridge decks.” PCI J., 20(3), 34–61.
Kuennen T. (2006). “Transportation officials weigh SIP bridge forms, laud FRP design.” Rep. Prepared for Transportation Research Board.
Matta, F., Galati, N., and Nanni, A. (2005). “Pultruded grid and stay-in-place form panels for the rapid construction of bridge decks.” Proc., Composites 2005, American Composites Manufacturers Association Convention and Trade Show, Columbus, Ohio.
Pluijm, R. V. D. (1993). “Shear behaviour of bed joints.” Proc., North American Masonry Conf., Philadelphia, 125–136.
Prestressed Concrete Institute. (2001). “Stay-in-place deck panels.” PCI bridge design manual, Chap. 16.2.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Oct 21, 2008
Accepted: Mar 20, 2009
Published online: Mar 23, 2009
Published in print: Oct 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.