Wake-Induced Vibrations of the Hangers of the Xihoumen Bridge
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 10
Abstract
Large-amplitude wind-induced vibrations of hangers have been observed on the Xihoumen Bridge, and the excitation mechanism is still unknown at present. In the present study, the mechanism of the wind-induced vibration of the hangers of the Xihoumen Bridge was investigated based on field measurements, wind tunnel tests, and theoretical analyses. First, a series of field measurements on the No. 2 hanger of the Xihoumen Bridge were carried out. It is shown that the oscillation amplitudes of the downstream cables were significantly larger than those of the upstream cables under two different wind yaw angles. Second, a three-dimensional aeroelastic test model of the hanger was designed and manufactured with the No. 2 hanger of the Xihoumen Bridge as a prototype, and a series of wind tunnel tests were carried out to obtain the responses of the cables. The results show that large-amplitude oscillations of the downstream cables can be reproduced by using wind tunnel tests under the same wind directions as the field measurements, whereas the upstream cables keep calm in the meantime. This indicates that wake-induced vibration (WIV) should be the reason for the hanger vibration in the Xihoumen Bridge. In the wind tunnel tests, the effects of the structural damping and spacers on the WIV of the hanger were examined. It is shown that the spacers are significantly effective to reduce the WIV of the hanger. However, it seems that the oscillation amplitude of the hanger cannot be effectively mitigated by increasing structural damping. Finally, the WIV of the No. 2 hanger of the Xihoumen Bridge under the wind yaw angle α = 40° was theoretically analyzed. The results show that the main characteristics of the hanger vibration observed in the field measurements and wind tunnel tests were successfully reproduced by theoretical analyses. This indicates once again that WIV is the mechanism for the hanger vibration of the Xihoumen Bridge.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51578234) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0703604), which are greatly appreciated.
References
Caetano, E. 2007. Cable vibration in cable-stayed bridge. Zürich, Switzerland: IABSE.
Cantero, D., O. Øiseth, and A. RøNnquist. 2018. “Indirect monitoring of vortex-induced vibration of suspension bridge hangers.” Struct. Health Monit. 17 (4): 837–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921717721873.
Chen, W. L., D. L. Gao, H. Li, and H. Hu. 2018. “Wake-flow-induced vibrations of vertical hangers behind the tower of a long-span suspension bridge.” Eng. Struct. 169: 188–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.049.
Chen, W. L., Y. W. Huang, and H. Meng. 2020a. “Wake-induced vibration of a suspender cable in the rear of a bridge tower.” J. Fluids Struct. 99: 103166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2020.103166.
Chen, W. L., W. H. Yang, F. Xu, and C. G. Zhang. 2020b. “Complex wake-induced vibration of aligned hangers behind tower of long-span suspension bridge.” J. Fluids Struct. 92: 102829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2019.102829.
Deng, Y. C., S. Y. Li, and Z. Q. Chen. 2019. “Unsteady theoretical analysis on the wake-induced vibration of suspension bridge hangers.” J. Bridge Eng. 24 (2): 04018113. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001339.
Deng, Y. C., S. Y. Li, and Z. Q. Chen. 2021. “Experimental investigation on WIVs of the hangers of suspension bridges based on three-dimensional elastic test model.” Eng. Struct. 234: 111985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.111985.
Fujino, Y., K. Kimura, and H. Tanaka. 2012. Wind resistant design of bridges in Japan: Developments and practices. New York: Springer.
Furuya, M., and M. Miyazaki. 1998. “Wind induced vibration of parallel hangers in Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and its aerodynamic remedy.” In Proc., 2nd Cable Dynamics seminar, Norway.
Guo, P., S. Li, and D. Wang. 2019. “Effects of aerodynamic interference on the iced straddling hangers of suspension bridges by wind tunnel tests.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 184: 162–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.11.017.
Hua, X. G., Z. Q. Chen, X. Lei, Q. Wen, and H. W. Niu. 2018. “Monitoring and control of wind-induced vibrations of hanger ropes of a suspension bridge.” Smart Struct. Syst. 23 (6): 125–141. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.23.6.683.
Kashima, S., Y. Yanaka, S. Suzuki, and K. Mori. 2001. “Monitoring the Akashi Kaikyo bridge: First experiences.” Struct. Eng. Int. 11 (2): 120–123. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686601780347200.
Laursen, E., N. Bitsch, and J. E. Andersen. 2005. Analysis and mitigation of large amplitude cable vibrations at the Great Belt East Bridge. Copenhagen, Denmark: IABSE.
Li, S. Y., Y. C. Deng, J. Huang, and Z. Q. Chen. 2019a. “Experimental investigation on aerodynamic interference of two kinds of suspension bridge hangers.” J. Fluids Struct. 90: 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2019.06.010.
Li, S. Y., Y. C. Deng, X. Lei, T. Wu, and Z. Q. Chen. 2019b. “Wake-induced vibration of the hanger of a suspension bridge: Field measurements and theoretical modeling.” Struct. Eng. Mech. 72 (2): 169–180. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.72.2.169.
Li, Y. L., H. J. Tang, Q. M. Lin, and X. Z. Chen. 2017. “Vortex-induced vibration of suspenders in the wake of bridge tower by numerical simulation and wind tunnel test.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 164: 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.02.017.
Li, S. Y., C. Y. Xiao, T. Wu, and Z. Q. Chen. 2019c. “Aerodynamic interference between the cables of the suspension bridge hanger.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 22 (7): 1657–1671. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218820623.
Païdoussis, M. P., S. J. Price, and E. D. Langre. 2011. Fluid–structure interactions: Cross-flow-induced instabilities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Wang, C. J. 2009. “The Zhoushan Mainland-Island linking project consisting of five-sea crossing bridges.” In Proc., Int. Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Symp. Report, 237–293. Zürich, Switzerland: IABSE.
Wen, Q., X. G. Hua, Z. Q. Chen, and H. W. Niu. 2018. “Experimental study of wake-induced instability of coupled parallel hanger ropes for suspension bridges.” Eng. Struct. 167 (15): 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.023.
Wu, T., A. Kareem, and S. Y. Li. 2013. “On the excitation mechanisms of rain–wind induced vibration of cables: Unsteady and hysteretic nonlinear features.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 122: 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.06.001.
Yoshimura, T. 1992. “Aerodynamic stability of four medium span bridges in Kyushu district.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 42 (1–3): 1203–1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90127-V.
Zhang, Z. T., X. B. Wu, Z. Q. Chen, and Y. J. Ge. 2016. “Mechanism of hanger oscillation at suspension bridges: Buffeting-induced resonance.” J. Bridge Eng. 21 (3): 04015066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000834.
Zhang, Z. T., and W. F. Zhang. 2017. “Sensitivity and vibration reduction of buffeting induced resonance of hangers.” Wind Struct. 25 (1): 39–61.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 18, 2021
Accepted: Jun 27, 2021
Published online: Aug 9, 2021
Published in print: Oct 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jan 9, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Ye-Wei Huang, Wen-Li Chen, Yan-Jiao Guo, Hui Li, Theoretical model and numerical simulation of tower-wake-induced vibration of a flexible suspender, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 10.1016/j.jweia.2023.105320, 233, (105320), (2023).
- Lin Chen, Lei Qin, Fangdian Di, Limin Sun, Yiqing Zou, Zhiquan Huang, Full-scale experimental study on dynamic behaviors of a three-cable network with a pretensioned cross-tie, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.115731, 281, (115731), (2023).
- Limin Sun, Lin Chen, Hongwei Huang, Stay cable vibration mitigation: A review, Advances in Structural Engineering, 10.1177/13694332221132316, 25, 16, (3368-3404), (2022).
- Thu Dao, Tomomi Yagi, Kyohei Noguchi, Haruki Fukushima, Gabriel Mohallem, Tung Do, Generation mechanism of wake galloping in two staggered circular cylinders in view of hysteretic flow phenomena, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 10.1016/j.jweia.2022.105127, 229, (105127), (2022).
- Puja Haldar, Somnath Karmakar, State of the Art Review of Aerodynamic Effects on Bridges, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 10.1007/s40030-022-00640-6, 103, 3, (943-960), (2022).