Biaxial Seismic Performance of a Two-Span Concrete Bridge Model with Six ABC Connections
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 8
Abstract
A prerequisite to the implementation of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) in moderate and high seismic regions is reliable data proving that bridges constructed by assembling precast elements can emulate the seismic performance of cast-in-place bridges. Previous seismic studies have not provided sufficient information about the interaction of conventionally reinforced precast concrete elements and connections when they are integrated within a bridge system. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by conducting biaxial shake table tests on a 0.35-scale, two-span bridge model that incorporated 38 precast reinforced and prestressed concrete elements. The elements were joined by using six connection types joining column to footing, column to cap beam, girder to cap beam, deck panels (two types), and deck to girder. The bridge and the connections performed well even under earthquake motions beyond the design-level earthquake and combined large drift ratio demands and substantial in-plane rotation. Although the load path was affected by the interaction among different components, no adverse effect was observed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The California Department of Transportation sponsored this project through Contract No. 65A0589. Thanks are due to the Fulbright Commission in Colombia, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation in Colombia (Minciencias), and Universidad Industrial de Santander for the scholarship awarded to the first author. Partial support by the ABC-UTC at the Florida International University is also acknowledged. Donations received from LafargeHolcim, KIE-CON of Antioch, California, and C&K Johnson Industries are appreciated. UNR Earthquake Engineering Laboratory staff members Dr. Patrick Laplace, Chad Lyttle, and Todd Lyttle are thanked by their dedicated assistance during the shake table tests.
References
AASHTO. 2012. AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. 6th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2018. LRFD guide specifications for accelerated bridge construction. 1st ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Benjumea, J. 2019. “Experimental and analytical seismic studies of a two-span bridge system with precast concrete elements and ABC connections.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Nevada.
Benjumea, J. 2021. “Shake table test videos (Calt-Bridge 1).” Accessed January 16, 2021. www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtImAcpyT_CqTzhBZk1BOo8SvlOMsBT2p.
Benjumea, J., M. S. Saiidi, and A. Itani. 2019. Experimental and analytical seismic studies of a two-span bridge system with precast concrete elements and ABC connections. Rep. No. CCEER-19-02. Reno, NV: Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Univ. of Nevada.
Benjumea, J., M. S. Saiidi, and A. Itani. 2020. “Seismic performance analysis and assessment of a precast bridge computational model.” DYNA 87 (212): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n212.80143.
Caltrans. 2013. Seismic design criteria: Version 1.7. Sacramento, CA: Dept. of Transportation—State of California.
Caltrans. 2014. California amendments to the AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. Sacramento, CA: Dept. of Transportation—State of California.
Caltrans. 2019. Seismic design criteria: Version 2.0. Sacramento, CA: Dept. of Transportation—State of California.
Goel, R. K., and A. K. Chopra. 2008. “Role of shear keys in seismic behavior of bridges crossing fault-rupture zones.” J. Bridge Eng. 13 (4): 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:4(398).
Harries, K., G. Zeno, and B. Shahrooz. 2012. “Toward an improved understanding of shear-friction behavior.” ACI Struct. J. 109 (6): 835–854.
Harris, H., and G. M. Sabnis. 1999. Structural modeling and experimental techniques. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kavianipour, F., and M. S. Saiidi. 2013. Experimental and analytical seismic studies of a four-span bridge system with composite piers. Rep. No. CCEER-13-17. Reno, NV: Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Univ. of Nevada.
Krawinkler, H. 1996. “Cyclic loading histories for seismic experimentation on structural components.” Earthquake Spectra 12 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585865.
Kulkarni, M., S. P. Shah, S. M. Kulkarni, and S. P. Shah. 1998. “Response of reinforced concrete beams at high strain rates.” ACI Struct. J. 95 (6): 705–715.
Kunnath, S. K., E. Erduran, Y. H. Chai, and M. Yashinsky. 2008. “Effect of near-fault vertical ground motions on seismic response of highway overcrossings.” J. Bridge Eng. 13 (3): 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:3(282).
Kurama, Y. C., S. Sritharan, R. B. Fleischman, J. I. Restrepo, R. S. Henry, N. M. Cleland, S. K. Ghosh, and P. Bonelli. 2018. “Seismic-resistant precast concrete structures: State of the art.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (4): 03118001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001972.
Lee, G., C. Huang, J. Song, and J. O’Connor. 2014. Seismic performance evaluation of precast girders with field-cast ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) connections. Rep. No. MCEER-14-0007. Buffalo, NY: Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Univ. at Buffalo.
Loov, R. K., and A. K. Patnaik. 1994. “Horizontal shear strength of composite concrete beams with a rough interface.” PCI J. 39 (1): 48–69. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01011994.48.69.
Marsh, L., S. Stringer, J. Stanton, M. Eberhard, O. Haraldsson, H. Tran, B. Khaleghi, E. Schultz, and S. Seguirant. 2013. Precast bent system for high seismic regions. Rep. No. FHWA-HIF-13-037. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration.
Mehraein, M., and M. S. Saiidi. 2016. Seismic performance of bridge column-pile-shaft pin connections for application in accelerated bridge construction. Rep. No. CCEER-16-01. Reno, NV: Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Univ. of Nevada.
Mehrsoroush, A., and M. S. Saiidi. 2014. Experimental and analytical seismic studies of bridge piers with innovative pipe pin column-footing connections and precast cap beams. Rep. No. CCEER-14-04. Reno, NV: Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Univ. of Nevada.
Mehrsoroush, A., and M. S. Saiidi. 2016. “Cyclic response of precast bridge piers with novel column-base pipe pins and pocket cap beam connections.” J. Bridge Eng. 21 (4): 04015080. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000833.
Mehrsoroush, A., M. S. Saiidi, and K. Ryan. 2017. Development of earthquake-resistant precast pier systems for accelerated bridge construction in Nevada. Rep. No. CCEER-17-03. Reno, NV: Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Univ. of Nevada.
Mellon, D. 2017. “Laurel street overcrossing—Caltrans’ first multi-span precast accelerated bridge construction pilot project.” In Proc., 2017 National Accelerated Bridge Construction Conf., 1–3. Miami: ABC-UTC Center, Accessed May 23, 2021. https://abc-utc.fiu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2018/05/2017-Conference-Papers-Combined-Optimized.pdf.
Meng, J., and E. Lui. 2000. “Torsional effects on short-span highway bridges.” Comput. Struct. 75 (6): 619–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00115-7.
Orabi, W., A. Mostafavidarani, and M. Ibrahim. 2016. Estimating the construction cost of accelerated bridge construction (ABC). Miami: Accelerated Bridge Construction Univ. Transportation Center.
Papadopoulos, S. P., and A. G. Sextos. 2020. “Simplified design of bridges for multiple-support earthquake excitation.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 131: 106013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013.
PCI (Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute). 2011. Full depth deck panels guidelines for accelerated bridge deck replacement or construction. 2nd ed. Rep. No: PCINER-11-FDDP. Chicago: PCI.
PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research). 2014. Pacific earthquake engineering research center ground motion database. NGA-West2—Shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes. Berkeley, CA: PEER.
Peralta, L., and M. Hube. 2018. “Deck rotation of straight bridges induced by asymmetric characteristics and effect of transverse diaphragms.” Eng. Struct. 173: 729–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.107.
Saiidi, M. S., M. Mehraein, G. Shrestha, E. Jordan, A. Itani, M. Tazarv, D. Sanders, T. Murphy, M. Reno, and M. Pohll. 2020. Proposed AASHTO seismic specifications for ABC column connections. NCHRP Rep. No. 935. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Shrestha, G., A. Itani, and M. S. Saiidi. 2017. Seismic performance of precast full-depth decks in accelerated bridge construction. Rep. No. CCEER-17-05. Reno, NV: Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Univ. of Nevada.
Sideris, P., A. J. Aref, and A. Filiatrault. 2014. “Large-scale seismic testing of a hybrid sliding-rocking posttensioned segmental bridge system.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (6): 04014025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000961.
Thonstad, T., I. Mantawy, J. Stanton, M. Eberhard, and D. Sanders. 2016. “Shaking table performance of a new bridge system with pretensioned rocking columns.” J. Bridge. Eng. 11 (4): 04015079. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000867.
Vander Werff, J., R. Peggar, Z. Cheng, and S. Sritharan. 2015. Seismic performance of precast girder-to-cap connections for accelerated bridge construction of integral bridges. Rep. No. CA16-2265. Ames, IA: Iowa State Univ.
Varela, S., and M. S. Saiidi. 2019. “Experimental study on seismically resilient two-span bridge models designed for disassembly.” J. Earthquake Eng. 23 (1): 72–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1309724.
Vosooghi, A., and M. S. Saiidi. 2010. “Seismic damage states and response parameters for bridge columns.” ACI Spec. Publ. 271: 46–59.
Wang, Z., L. Dueñas-Osorio, and J. E. Padgett. 2013. “Seismic response of a bridge–soil–foundation system under the combined effect of vertical and horizontal ground motions.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 42 (4): 545–564. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2226.
Wei, B., C. Zuo, X. He, L. Jiang, and T. Wang. 2018. “Effects of vertical ground motions on seismic vulnerabilities of a continuous track-bridge system of high-speed railway.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 115: 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.08.022.
Wu, S., I. G. Buckle, A. M. Itani, and D. Istrati. 2019a. “Experimental studies on seismic response of skew bridges with seat-type abutments. I: Shake table experiments.” J. Bridge Eng. 24 (10): 04019096. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001480.
Wu, S., I. G. Buckle, A. M. Itani, and D. Istrati. 2019b. “Experimental studies on seismic response of skew bridges with seat-type abutments. II: Results.” J. Bridge Eng. 24 (10): 04019097. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001469.
Yuan, J., and B. Graybeal. 2015. “Bond of reinforcement in ultra-high-performance concrete.” ACI Struct. J. 112 (6): 851–860. https://doi.org/10.14359/51687912.
Zhang, H., H. N. Li, C. Li, and G. W. Cao. 2018. “Experimental and numerical investigations on seismic responses of reinforced concrete structures considering strain rate effect.” Constr. Build. Mater. 173: 672–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.085.
Zhang, N., H. Lan, W. Gao, G. Tang, and G. Lee. 2014. “Shake table study of bridge with precast post-tensioned segmental columns.” In Challenges and Advances in Sustainable Transportation Systems, edited by Y. Bai, X. Du, P.-S. Lin, W.-C. Virgil Ping, and Y. Huang, 555–562. Reston, VA; ASCE.
Zhang, Q., and M. S. Alam. 2020. “State-of-the-art review of seismic-resistant precast bridge columns.” J. Bridge Eng. 25 (10): 03120001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001620.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 26 • Issue 8 • August 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 24, 2020
Accepted: Apr 9, 2021
Published online: Jun 7, 2021
Published in print: Aug 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Nov 7, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Renda Zhao, Kaifeng Zheng, Xing Wei, Hongyu Jia, Xiaozhen Li, Qinghua Zhang, Guoji Xu, Yulin Zhan, Ruili Shen, Fang Zhang, Qianhui Pu, Hongye Gou, Chuanjin Yu, State-of-the-art and annual progress of bridge engineering in 2021, Advances in Bridge Engineering, 10.1186/s43251-022-00070-1, 3, 1, (2022).