Numerical Investigation into Hydrodynamic Effects on the Seismic Response of Complex Hollow Bridge Pier Submerged in Reservoir: Case Study
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 2
Abstract
Hydrodynamic effects are concerns in the seismic analysis of bridges with complex hollow piers submerged in a reservoir. In this study, potential-based fluid elements were employed to set up a three-dimensional numerical fluid–structure interaction model to account for the hydrodynamic effects of interest. A typical reservoir bridge with a nonuniform hollow pier was taken as an example structure. Linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were carried out to investigate the seismic responses of the example pier under six near-fault and six far-field earthquake records. The accuracy of the added-mass model was validated in the linear and nonlinear domains. It can be concluded from the case studies that (1) the effect of surface gravity waves is not significant; (2) the inner water increases the seismic responses of the hollow pier; (3) structural nonlinearity cannot be neglected in seismic analyses of piers subjected to strong earthquakes, especially for near-fault earthquakes; and (4) the added-mass model is an efficient alternative method for both linear and nonlinear seismic analyses, regardless of water depth, earthquake characteristics (e.g., near-fault or far-field), and intensity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51708455 and 51678491) and the Fundamental Research Fund for Central Universities (A0920502051707-2-027).
References
Bathe, K.-J., J. Walczak, A. Welch, and N. Mistry. 1989. “Nonlinear analysis of concrete structures.” Comput. Struct. 32 (3–4): 563–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(89)90347-7.
Bouaanani, N., and F. Y. Lu. 2009. “Assessment of potential-based fluid finite elements for seismic analysis of dam–reservoir systems.” Comp. Struct. 87 (3–4): 206–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2008.10.006.
Deng, Y. L., Q. K. Guo, and L. Q. Xu. 2017. “Experimental and numerical study on modal dynamic response of water-surrounded slender bridge pier with pile foundation.” Shock Vib. 2017: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4769637.
Gou, H., H. Long, Y. Bao, G. D. Chen, Q. Pu, and R. Kang. 2018. “Stress distributions in girder-arch-pier connections of long-span continuous rigid frame arch railway bridges.” J. Bridge Eng. 23 (7): 04018039. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001250.
Goyal, A., and A. K. Chopra. 1989. “Hydrodynamic and foundation interaction effects in dynamics of intake towers: Frequency response functions.” J. Struct. Eng. 115 (6): 1371–1385. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:6(1371).
Guan, Z., J. Zhang, and J. Li. 2017. “Multilevel performance classifications of tall RC bridge columns toward postearthquake rehabilitation requirements.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (10): 04017080. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001111.
Huang, X., and Z. X. Li. 2011. “Influence of free surface wave and water compressibility on earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure of bridge pier in deep water.” [In Chinese.] J. Tianjin Univ. Sci. Technol. 44 (4): 319–323.
Jiang, H., J. M. Jin, Z. G. Wang, X. Y. Bai, and M. Wang. 2017a. “Probabilistic seismic damage characteristics for piers of deep-water continuous rigid frame bridge based on IDA method.” [In Chinese.] China J. Highway Transp. 30 (12): 89–100.
Jiang, H., B. Wang, X. Bai, and C. Zeng. 2017b. “Nonlinear dynamic response character of deep-water bridge piers excited by strong near-fault and far-field earthquakes.” [In Chinese.] J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol., Nat. Sci. Ed. 45 (8): 81–86.
Jiang, H., B. Wang, X. Bai, C. Zeng, and H. Zhang. 2017c. “Simplified expression of hydrodynamic pressure on deepwater cylindrical bridge piers during earthquakes.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (6): 04017014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001032.
Khatri, D., and J. C. Anderson. 1995. “Analysis of reinforced concrete shear wall components using the ADINA nonlinear concrete model.” Comput. Struct. 56 (2–3): 485–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00039-J.
Li, Q., and W. Yang. 2013. “An improved method of hydrodynamic pressure calculation for circular hollow piers in deep water under earthquake.” Ocean Eng. 72: 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.07.001.
Liaw, C.-Y., and A. K. Chopra. 1974. “Dynamics of towers surrounded by water.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 3 (1): 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290030104.
Lu, M., X. J. Li, X. W. An, and J. X. Zhao. 2010. “A preliminary study on the near-source strong-motion characteristics of the great 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China.” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 100 (5B): 2491–2507. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090132.
Mander, J. B., M. J. N. Priestley, and R. Park. 1988. “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 114 (8): 1804–1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
Mao, M., and C. A. Taylor. 1997. “Non-linear seismic cracking analysis of medium-height concrete gravity dams.” Comput. Struct. 64 (5–6): 1197–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(97)00029-1.
MCPRC (Ministry of Communications of the People’s Republic of China). 2004. Code for design of highway reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge and culverts. JTG D62-2004. Beijing: China Communications.
Morison, J. R., J. W. Johnson, and S. A. Schaaf. 1950. “The force exerted by surface waves on piles.” J. Petrol. Technol. 2 (5): 149–154. https://doi.org/10.2118/950149-G.
Olson, L. G., and K.-J. Bathe. 1985. “Analysis of fluid-structure interactions. a direct symmetric coupled formulation based on the fluid velocity potential.” Comput. Struct. 21 (1–2): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(85)90226-3.
Pang, Y., W. Kai, W. Yuan, and G. Shen. 2015. “Effects of dynamic fluid-structure interaction on seismic response of multi-span deep water bridges using fragility function method.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 18 (4): 525–541. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.18.4.525.
PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center). 2013. “PEER ground motion database.” Accessed April 19, 2018. http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/.
Sussman, T., and J. Sundqvist. 2003. “Fluid–structure interaction analysis with a subsonic potential-based fluid formulation.” Comput. Struct. 81 (8–11): 949–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(02)00407-8.
Wang, P., M. Zhao, and X. Du. 2018. “Analytical solution and simplified formula for earthquake induced hydrodynamic pressure on elliptical hollow cylinders in water.” Ocean Eng. 148: 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.11.019.
Wei, K., N. Bouaanani, and W. Yuan. 2015. “Simplified methods for efficient seismic design and analysis of water-surrounded composite axisymmetric structures.” Ocean Eng. 104: 617–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.05.001.
Wei, K., Y. J. Wu, C. Xu, Y. Pang, and W. Yuan. 2011. “Numerical dynamic analysis for water-pile group bridge foundation interacted system.” [In Chinese.] Eng. Mech. 28 (S1): 195–200.
Wei, K., and W. Yuan. 2013. “Seismic analysis of deep water pile foundation based on three-dimensional potential-based fluid elements.” J. Constr. Eng. 2013: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/874180.
Wei, K., W. Yuan, and N. Bouaanani. 2013. “Experimental and numerical assessment of the three-dimensional modal dynamic response of bridge pile foundations submerged in water.” J. Bridge Eng. 18 (10): 1032–1041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000442.
Westergaard, H. M. 1933. “Water pressures on dams during earthquakes.” Trans. ASCE 95 (2): 418–433.
Yang, W. 2012. “Study on hydrodynamic analysis methods of deep-water bridges.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, Southwest Jiaotong Univ.
Yang, W., and Q. Li. 2013. “The expanded Morison equation considering inner and outer water hydrodynamic pressure of hollow piers.” Ocean Eng. 69: 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.05.008.
Yang, W., Q. Li, and H. Yeh. 2017. “Calculation method of hydrodynamic forces on circular piers during earthquakes.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (11): 04017093. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001119.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 26, 2018
Accepted: Jul 26, 2018
Published online: Nov 29, 2018
Published in print: Feb 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Apr 29, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.