Analytical Approach for Seismic Performance of Extended Pile-Shafts
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 10
Abstract
Seismic performance of bridge structures supported by extended pile-shafts principally depends on the curvature demand in critical regions of the pile below ground level. The equivalent fixed-based cantilever model is commonly used to assess the local curvature ductility demand of a yielding pile-shaft at any inelastic displacement level. In this approach, adequate prior knowledge of several parameters, including depth-of-fixity, plastic-hinge depth, and equivalent plastic-hinge length, is essential for proper estimation of ductility capacity. The present study aims to propose analytical formulations by using concepts of the strain wedge method based on nonlinear behavior of the soil-pile system to assess the key parameters of the equivalent cantilever model. The ability of the developed model in assessing the curvature ductility demand of the bridge system is validated against several published full-scale tests on RC shafts in clay and sand.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Allotey, N., and M. El Naggar 2008. “A numerical study into lateral cyclic nonlinear soil-pile response.” Can. Geotech. J. 45 (9): 1268–1281. https://doi.org/10.1139/T08-050.
Aschenbrenner, T., and R. Olson. 1984. “Prediction of settlement of single piles in clay.” In Proc., Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations, 41–58. New York: ASCE.
Ashour, M., G. Norris, and P. Pilling. 1998. “Lateral loading of a pile in layered soil using the strain wedge model.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 124 (4): 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:4(303).
Briaud, J. L., T. Smith, and B. Mayer. 1984. “Laterally loaded piles and the pressuremeter: comparison of existing methods.” Laterally loaded deep foundations, 97–111, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Budek, A., M. Priestley, and G. Benzoni. 2000. “Inelastic seismic response of bridge drilled-shaft RC pile/columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 126 (4): 510–517. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:4(510).
Caltrans. 2006. Seismic design criteria version 1.3. Sacramento, CA: Caltrans.
Chai, Y. 2002. “Flexural strength and ductility of extended pile-shafts. I: Analytical model.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (5): 586–594. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:5(586).
Chai, Y., and T. Hutchinson. 2002. “Flexural strength and ductility of extended pile-shafts. II: Experimental study.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (5): 595–602. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:5(595).
Chiou, J., H. Yang, and C. Chen. 2009. “Use of plastic hinge model in nonlinear pushover analysis of a pile.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 135 (9): 1341–1346. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000015.
Dowrick, D. J. 1987. Earthquake resistant design. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
El Naggar, H., and M. Heidari. 2018. “Geo-structural nonlinear analysis of piles for performance based design.” In Proc., 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, 8–10. Budapest, Hungary: CSEE.
Gerolymos, N., V. Drosos, and G. Gazetas. 2007. “Seismic response of single-column bent on pile: Evidence of beneficial role of pile and soil inelasticity.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 7: 547–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9111-z.
Goel, R. K. 2015. “Evaluation of in-ground plastic-hinge length and depth recommendations for piles in marine oil.” Earthquake Spectra 31 (4): 2397–2417. https://doi.org/10.1193/071813EQS207M.
Goodnight, J., M. Kowalsky, and J. Nau. 2016. “Modified plastic-hinge method for circular RC bridge columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (11): 04016103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001570.
Gowda, P. 1991. “Laterally loaded pile analysis for layered soil based on the strain wedge model.” M.S. thesis, Univ. of Nevada.
Heidari, M., and H. El Naggar. 2017. “Analytical expression for plastic hinge length in extended pile shafts.” In Proc., 42th Annual Conf. on Deep Foundations. Hawthorne, NJ: Deep Foundations Institute.
Heidari, M., M. Jahanandish, H. El Naggar, and A. Ghahramani. 2014. “Nonlinear cyclic behavior of laterally loaded pile in cohesive soil.” Can. Geotech. J. 51 (2): 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0099.
Hines, E. M., J. I. Restrepo, and F. Seible. 2004. “Force-displacement characterization of well confined bridge piers.” ACI Struct. J. 101 (4): 537–548. https://doi.org/10.14359/13340.
Janoyan, K. D., J. W. Wallace, and J. P. Stewart. 2006. “Full-scale cyclic lateral load test of reinforced concrete pier-column.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (2): 178–187. https://doi.org/10.14359/15175.
Khalili-Tehrani, P., E. R. Ahlberg, C. Rha, A. Lemnitzer, J. P. Stewart, E. Taciroglu, and J. W. Wallace. 2010. “Nonlinear load-deflection behavior of reinforced concrete drilled piles in stiff clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 140 (3): 040130. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000957.
Kowalsky, M. J., M. J. N. Priestley, and G. A. MacRae. 1995. “Displacement-based design of RC bridge columns in seismic regions.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 24 (12): 1623–1642. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290241206.
Matlock, H. 1970. “Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., 2nd Offshore Tech. Conf., 577–594. Houston: OTC 1204.
Norris, G. M. 1986. “Theoretically based BEF laterally loaded pile analysis.” In Proc., Third Int. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, 361–386. Nantes, France: Editions Technip.
Priestley, M. J. N. 1993. “Myths and fallacies in earthquake engineering conflicts between design and reality.” Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 26 (3): 329–341.
Priestley, M. J. N., G. M. Calvi, and M. J. Kowalsky. 2007. Displacement-based seismic design of structures. Pavia, Italy: IUSS Press.
Priestley, M. J. N., F. Seible, and G. M. Calvi. 1996. Seismic design and retrofit of bridges. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Scarlat, A. S. 1996. Approximate methods in structural seismic design. 1st ed. London: E & FN Spon.
Shamsabadi, A., K. Rollins, and M. Kapuskar. 2007. “Nonlinear soil–abutment–bridge structure interaction for seismic performance-based design.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 133 (6): 707–720. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:6(707).
Stewart, J. P., E. Taciroglu, J. W. Wallace, E. R. Ahlberg, A. Lemnitzer, C. Rha, P. Khalili-Tehrani, S. Keowen, R. L. Nigbor, and A. Salamanca. 2007. Full scale cyclic large deflection testing of foundation support systems for highway bridges. Part I: Drilled shaft foundations. Los Angeles: UCLA SGEL, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Suarez, V., and M. Kowalsky. 2007. “Displacement-based seismic design of drilled shaft bents with soil-structure interaction.” J. Earthquake Eng. 11 (6): 1010–1030. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460701232683.
USACE. 1996. Design of sheet pile walls. New York: ASCE.
Vallahban, C., and F. Alikhanlou. 1982. “Short rigid piles in clay.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 108 (10): 1255–1271.
Wu, T. H. 1966. Soil mechanics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc.
Zhang, J., and T. Hutchinson. 2012. “Inelastic pile behavior with and without liquefaction effects.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 36 (3): 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.11.007.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 3, 2017
Accepted: Mar 15, 2018
Published online: Jul 18, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 18, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.