Technical Papers
Oct 3, 2016

Stress Increase of Unbonded Tendons in Continuous Posttensioned Members

Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 2

Abstract

A database of 253 unbonded tendon-reinforced members was assembled and analyzed with a focus on Δfps. Large scatter was observed and gaps were identified in previous databases due to possibly unsuitable inclusion of certain testing programs. The influence of several geometric and material properties was analyzed using a covariance analysis, and significant differences between simple-span and continuous members were observed, although some prediction methods do not differentiate between the two. The assembled prediction models for Δfps had evaluation statistics ranging from 1.84 < λ < 4.11 and 0.06 < R2 < 0.16 and indicating relatively poor accuracy and precision. Modifications to the scaled plastic hinge length ψ for different subsets (simple span, continuous, internally unbonded, and externally unbonded) were suggested to provide the most accurate and precise prediction when compared with the available methods. The proposed method, a modified version of the bridge design code prediction, provides the most accurate (λ = 1.34) and precise (R2 = 0.27) prediction and does not increase complexity.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

Special thanks go to Carin Roberts-Wollmann (Virginia Tech), who inspired and encouraged the authors to conduct this research.

References

AASHTO. (1994). Load and resistance factor and design (LRFD) bridge design specifications, 1st Ed., Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (1998). Load and resistance factor and design (LRFD) bridge design specifications, 2nd Ed., Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2010). AASHTO load and resistance factor and design (LRFD) bridge design specifications, 5th Ed., Washington, DC.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (1963). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-63, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2008). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-08, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2011). “Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-11) and commentary (318R-11).” ACI 318-11/318R-11, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2014). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-14, Farmington Hills, MI.
Allouche, E. N., Campbell, T. I., Green, M. F., and Soudki, K. A. (1998). “Tendon stress in continuous unbonded prestressed concrete members-Part 1: Review of literature.” PCI J., 43(6), 86–93.
Aparicio, A. C., Ramos, G., and Casas, J. R. (2002). “Testing of externally prestressed concrete beams.” Eng. Struct., 24(1), 73–84.
Aravinthan, T., Mutsuyoshi, H., Matupayont, S., and Machida, A. (1996). “Moment redistribution in prestressed concrete continuous beams with external tendons.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst., 17, 197–202.
Aravinthan, T., Mutsuyoshi, H., Niitsu, T., and Chen, A. (1998). “Flexural behavior of externally prestressed beams with large eccentricities.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst., 20, 165–170.
Aravinthan, T., Witchukreangkrai, E., and Mutsuyoshi, H. (2005). “Flexural behavior of two-span continuous prestressed concrete girders with highly eccentric external tendons.” ACI Struct. J., 102(3), 402.
Arrellaga, J. A., Roberts, C. L., Breen, J. E., Kreger, M. E. (1993). “Instrumentation systems for field study of segmental box girder bridges.” TxDOT Research Rep. 1234-1, Texas DOT, Austin, TX.
Au, F. T. K., and Du, J. S. (2004). “Prediction of ultimate stress in unbonded prestressed tendons.” Mag. Concr. Res., 56(1), 1–11.
Baker, A. L. L. (1949). “A plastic theory of design for ordinary reinforced and prestressed concrete including moment re-distribution in continuous members.” Mag. Concr. Res., 1(2), 57–66.
Brotchie, J. F., and Beresford, F. D. (1967). “Experimental study of a prestressed concrete flat plate structure.” Civ. Eng. Trans., 9(2), 276–282.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (2001). “Structural use of concrete.” BS8110, London.
Burns, N. H., Charney, F. A., and Vines, W. R. (1978). “Tests of one-way post-tensioned slabs with unbonded tendons.” PCI J., 23(5), 66–83.
Burns, N. H., Helwig, T., and Tsujimoto, T. (1991). “Effective prestress force in continuous post-tensioned beams with unbonded tendons.” ACI Struct. J., 88(1), 84–90.
Burns, N. H., and Hemakom, R. (1977). “Test scale model of post-tensioned flat plate.” J. Struct. Div., 103(6), 1237–1255.
Campbell, T. I., and Chouinard, K. L. (1991). “Influence of nonprestressed reinforcement on the strength of unbonded partially concrete members.” ACI Struct. J., 88(5), 546–551.
Chakrabarti, P. R. (1995). “Ultimate stress for unbonded post-tensioning tendons in partially prestressed beams.” ACI Struct. J., 92(6), 689–697.
Chen, R. J. (1971). “The strength and behavior of post-tensioned prestressed concrete slabs with unbonded tendons.” M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Cooke, N., Park, R., and Yong, P. (1981). “Flexural strength of prestressed concrete members with unbonded tendons.” PCI J., 26(6), 52–80.
Decheng, K. (2009). “Strengthening of RC beams and frames by external prestressing.” Ph.D. thesis, National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore.
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung). (1980). “Spannbeton, dauteile mit vorspannung ohne verbund.” DIN 4227, Teil 6, Berlin (in German).
Du, G., and Tao, X. (1985). “Ultimate stress of unbonded tendons in partially prestressed concrete beams.” PCI J., 30(6), 72–91.
Gebre-Michael, Z. (1970). “Behavior of post-tensioned slabs with unbonded reinforcement.” M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Ghallab, A., and Beeby, A. W. (2004). “Calculating stress of external prestressing tendons.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build., 157(4), 263–278.
Harajli, M. (2011). “Proposed modification of AASHTO-LRFD for computing stress in unbonded tendons at ultimate.” J. Bridge Eng., 828–838.
Harajli, M. H. (2006). “On the stress in unbonded tendons at ultimate: Critical assessment and proposed changes.” ACI Struct. J., 103(6), 803–812.
Harajli, M. H., and Kanj, M. Y. (1992). “Service load behavior of concrete members prestressed with unbonded tendons.” J. Struct. Eng., 2569–2589.
Harajli, M. H., Mabsout, M. E., and Al-Hajj, J. A. (2002). “Response of externally post-tensioned continuous members.” Struct. J., 99(5), 671–680.
He, Z., and Liu, Z. (2010). “Stresses in external and internal unbonded tendons: Unified methodology and design equations.” J. Struct. Eng., 1055–1065.
Hemakom, R. (1970). “Behavior of post-tensioned prestressed concrete slabs with unbonded reinforcement.” M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Janney, J. R., Hognestad, E., and McHenry, D. (1956). “Ultimate flexural strength of prestressed and conventionally reinforced concrete beams.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 52(2), 601–620.
Kosut, G., Burns, N., and Winter, C. (1985). “Test of four-panel post-tensioned flat plate.” J. Struct. Eng., 1916–1929.
Lou, T., Lopes, S. M., and Lopes, A. V. (2012). “Flexural response of continuous concrete beams prestressed with external tendons.” J. Bridge Eng., 525–537.
MacGregor, R. J. G. (1989). “Strength and ductility of externally post-tensioned segmental box girders.” Doctoral dissertation, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Maguire, M., Collins, W. M., Halbe, K. R., and Roberts-Wollmann, C. L. (2015). “Multi-span members with unbonded tendons: Ultimate strength behavior.” ACI Struct. J., 113(2), 195–204.
Mattock, A. H., Yamazaki, J., and Kattula, B. (1971). “Comparative study of prestressed concrete beams, with and without bond.” ACI J., 68(2), 116–125.
Menegotto, M., and Pinto, P. E. (1973). “Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames.” IABSE Preliminary Report for Symp. on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on Well-Defined Repeated Loads, IABSE, Zurich, Switzerland, 15–22.
Mojtahedi, S., and Gamble, W. (1978). “Ultimate steel stress in unbonded prestressed concrete.” J. Struct. Div., 104(7), 1159–1164.
Mutsuyoshi, H., Tsuchida, K., Matupayont, S., and Machida, A. (1995). “Flexural behavior and proposal of design equation for flexural strength of externally PC members.” J. Mater. Concr. Struct. Pavements, 508(26), 67–76 (in Japanese).
Naaman, A. E. (1987). “Partial prestressing in the rehabilitation of concrete bridges.” Proc., 1st U.S.-European Workshop on Bridge Evaluation, Repair and Rehabilitation, A. S. Nowak and E. Absi, eds., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 391–406.
Naaman, A. E. (1990). “New methodology for the analysis of beams prestressed with external or unbonded tendons.” External prestressing in bridges, A. Naaman and J. Breen, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 339–354.
Naaman, A. E., and Alkhairi, F. M. (1991). “Stress at ultimate in unbonded post-tensioning tendons: Part 2–Proposed methodology.” ACI Struct. J., 88(6), 683–692.
Naaman, A. E., Burns, N. H., French, C., Gamble, W. L., and Mattock, A. H. (2002). “Stresses in unbonded prestressing tendons at ultimate: Recommendation.” ACI Struct. J., 99(4), 518–529.
Ng, C. K. (2003). “Tendon stress and flexural strength of externally prestressed beams.” ACI Struct. J., 100(5), 644–653.
Nowak, A. S., and Collins, K. R. (2012). Reliability of structures, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Pannell, F. N. (1969). “The ultimate moment of resistance of unbonded prestressed concrete beams.” Mag. Concr. Res., 21(66), 43–54.
Roberts-Wollmann, C. R., Kreger, M. E., Rogowsky, D. M., and Breen, J. E. (2005). “Stresses in external tendons at ultimate.” ACI Struct. J., 102(2), 206–213.
Scordelis, A. C., Lin, T. Y., and Itaya, R. (1959). “Behavior of a continuous slab prestressed in two directions.” ACI J., 31(6), 441–459.
SIA (Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects). (1979). “Ultimate load behavior of slabs.” SIA 162, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sivaleepunth, C., Niwa, J., Diep, B. K., Tamura, S., and Hamada, Y. (2006). “Prediction of tendon stress and flexural strength of externally prestressed concrete beams.” J. Mater. Concr. Struct. Pavements, 62(1), 260–273.
Six, P. D. (2015). “Continuous unbonded post-tensioned members: Quantifying strand stress increase.” M.Sc. thesis, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT.
Tam, A., and Pannell, F. N. (1976). “The ultimate moment of resistance of unbonded partially prestressed reinforced concrete beams.” Mag. Concr. Res., 28(97), 203–208.
Tan, K. H., Abdullah-Al Farooq, M., and Ng, C. K. (2001). “Behavior of simple-span reinforced concrete beams locally strengthened with external tendons.” Struct. J., 98(2), 174–183.
Tan, K. H., and Ng, C. K. (1997). “Effects of deviators and tendon configuration on behavior of externally prestressed beams.” ACI Struct. J., 94(1), 13–22.
Tan, K. H., and Tjandra, R. A. (2007). “Strengthening of RC continuous beams by external prestressing.” J. Struct. Eng., 195–204.
Yang, K., and Kand, T. H. (2011). “Equivalent strain distribution factor for unbonded tendon stress at ultimate.” ACI Struct. J., 108(2), 217–226.
Zhou, W., and Zheng, W. (2014). “Unbonded tendon stresses in continuous post-tensioned beams.” ACI Struct. J., 111(3), 525.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Bridge Engineering
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 22Issue 2February 2017

History

Received: Feb 19, 2016
Accepted: Jul 20, 2016
Published online: Oct 3, 2016
Published in print: Feb 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Mar 3, 2017

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Marc Maguire, A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Minwoo Chang, S.M.ASCE [email protected]
Graduate Research Assistant, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322. E-mail: [email protected]
William N. Collins, A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045. E-mail: [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share