Abstract
Five representative girder cross sections with various slot widths are utilized to analyze the effects of center slots on their aerodynamic performance, based on wind-tunnel tests and theoretical analyses. It is shown that the favorable aerodynamic effects of the center slot on bridge decks depend on the aerodynamic shape of the box girders and on the slot widths rather than unconditionally improving the aeroelastic stability. Further investigation of a streamlined box girder with various slot widths results in a modified Selberg formula to calculate the critical flutter wind speed for design purposes, wherein the Lorentz peak-value function is utilized. The flutter mechanism is illustrated utilizing a two-dimensional three-degrees-of-freedom (2D-3DOF) analysis scheme. The results indicate that the center slot changes the participation level of the heaving motion at the flutter onset, which is highly correlated with the critical flutter wind speed. In addition, particle image velocimetry (PIV) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) techniques are employed to assist in revealing the aerodynamic stabilization mechanism of the center slotting of box girders.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support for the research work jointly provided by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51078276) and U.S. National Science Foundation Grant CMMI 09-28282, as well as from the Ministry of Transportation (Grant No. KLWRBMT-04), the Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. SLDRCE 10-B-05), and the Open Project of the State Key Lab for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering (SLDRCE13-MB-02).
References
Chen, X., and Kareem, A. (2006). “Revisiting multimode coupled bridge flutter: Some new insights.” J. Eng. Mech., 1115–1123.
Ge, Y. J. (2003). “Study of aerodynamic performance and vibration control of Xihoumen Bridge.” Technical Rep. WT200320, State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai (in Chinese).
Kimura, K., Shima, K., Sano, K., Kubo, Y., Kato, K., and Ukon, H. (2008). “Effects of separation distance on wind-induced response of parallel box girders.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 96(6–7), 954–962.
Larsen, A. (1993). “Aerodynamic aspects of the final design of the 1624 m suspension bridge across the Great Belt.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 48(2–3), 261–285.
Larsen, A., and Astiz, M. A. (1998). “Aeroelastic consideration for the Gibraltar Bridge feasibility study.” Bridge aerodynamics, A. Larsen and S. Esdahl, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 165–173.
Loeve, M. (1955). Probability theory, Van Nostrand, New York.
Lumley, J. L. (1970). Stochastic tools in turbulence, Academic Press, New York.
Morgenthal, G. (2000). “Fluid-structure interaction in bluff-body aerodynamics and long-span bridge design: Phenomena and methods.” Technical Rep. CUED/D-struct/TR.187, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
Nakamura, Y. (1978). “An analysis of binary flutter of bridge deck sections.” J. Sound Vibrat., 57(4), 471–482.
Richardson, J. R. (1981a). “Aerodynamic forces on perforated bridge decks.” Technical Rep. NMIR 118, National Maritime Inst., Feltham, Middlesex, U.K.
Richardson, J. R. (1981b). “The development of the concept of the twin suspension bridge.” Technical Rep. NMIR 125, National Maritime Inst., Feltham, Middlesex, U.K.
Sato, H., Hirahara, N., Fumoto, K., Hirano, S., and Kusuhara, S. (2002). “Full aeroelastic model test of a super long-span bridge with slotted box girder.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 90(12–15), 2023–2032.
Sato, H., Toriumi, R., and Kusakabe, T. (1995). “Aerodynamic characteristics of slotted box girders.” Proc., Bridges into the 21st Century, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, 721–728.
Selberg, A. (1963). “Aerodynamic effects on suspension bridges.” Proc., Int. Symp. Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, U.K., Vol. 2, 462–486.
Walshe, D. E., Twidle, G. G., and Brown, W. C. (1977). “Static and dynamic measurements on a model of a slender bridge with perforated deck.” Proc., Int. Conf. Behaviour of Slender Structures, City Univ., London, 1–23.
Xiang, H. F. (2003). “Wind resistance study on Runyang suspension bridge across Yangtze River.” Technical Rep. WT200005, State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China (in Chinese).
Yang, Y. X., Ge, Y. J., and Xiang, H. F. (2002). “Coupling effects of degrees of freedom in flutter instability of long-span bridges.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. Advances in Wind and Structures, Techno-Press, Daejeon, Korea, 625–632.
Yang, Y. X., Ge, Y. J., and Xiang, H. F. (2003). “3DOF coupling flutter analysis for long-span bridges.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. Wind Engineering, Int. Association for Wind Engineering, Kanagawa, Japan, 925–932.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 5, 2013
Accepted: Mar 28, 2014
Published online: Jun 2, 2014
Published in print: Mar 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.