Shake Table Studies of Energy-Dissipating Segmental Bridge Columns
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 19, Issue 2
Abstract
Five one-third scale segmental bridge columns with plastic hinges incorporating different advanced materials were designed and tested on one of the shake tables at the University of Nevada, Reno. The columns were subjected to the Sylmar Earthquake record with increasing amplitudes until failure. All the models were cantilever with longitudinal steel dowels connecting the base segment to the footing. Unbonded posttensioning was used to connect the segments and to minimize the residual displacements. Energy dissipation took place mostly through the yielding of the longitudinal bars in the base segment. Conventional RC was used in the plastic hinge of a reference column. In one of the models, a built in elastomeric pad integrated with the footing and a concrete segment constituted the plastic hinge. The other two columns incorporated engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics at the lower two segments. The effectiveness of repair with CFRP wraps was also studied by repairing and retesting the reference column. The test results showed that the proposed models with advanced materials are suitable for accelerated bridge construction in high seismic zones because of their fast construction, high energy dissipation, minimal damage in the plastic hinge zone, and minimal residual displacement.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research presented in this paper was funded by CALTRANS under contract number 59A0591. The advice, comments, and support of the CALTRANS project manager, Dr. Li-Hong Sheng, are much appreciated. The authors would like to acknowledge the AVAR-SAS Company for donating the unbonded thread rods and posttensioning equipment, the ERICO Company for donation of the Lenton Terminator, the FYFE Company for providing the CFRP wraps, and the Sika Corporation for providing the epoxy for this project. The authors would also like to thank Dr. P. Laplace, P. Lucas, C. Lyttle, A. Taheri, and J. Cushman for their help in constructing and testing the column models.
References
AASHTO. (1999). Guide specification for design and construction of segmental concrete bridges, 2nd Ed., Washington, DC.
ASCE. (1998). “Evaluation findings for Scougal Rubber Corporation high damping rubber bearings; Technical evaluation report.” CERF Rep. HITEC 98-11, Reston, VA.
Billington, S.L., and Yoon, J.K. (2004). “Cyclic response of unbonded posttensioned precast columns with ductile fiber-reinforced concrete.” J. Bridge Eng., 353–363.
California Dept. of Transportation (CALTRANS). (2006). Seismic design criteria, version 1.4, Division of Engineering Services, Sacramento, CA.
Chopra, A. K. (2006). Dynamics of structures, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Chou, C., and Chen, Y. (2005). “Cyclic tests of post-tensioned precast CFT segmental bridge columns with unbonded strands.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 159–175.
Derham, C. J. (1982). “The design of laminated bearings, II.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Natural Rubber for Earthquake Protection of Building and Vibration Isolation, 247–256.
Gent, A. N., and Meinecke, E. A. (1970). “Compression, bending and shear of bonded rubber blocks.” Polym. Eng. Sci., 48–53.
Hieber, D. G., Wacker, J. M., Eberhard, M., and Stanton, J. F. (2005). “Precast concrete pier systems for rapid construction of bridges in seismic regions.” Rep. No. WA-RD-549.1, Washington State DOT, Olympia, WA.
Hewes, J. T., and Priestley, M. J. N. (2002). “Seismic design and performance of precast concrete segmental bridge columns.” Rep. No. SSRP-2001/25, Univ. of California at San Diego, San Diego.
Kawashima, K., MacRae, G. A., Hoshikuma, J., and Nagaya, K. (1998). “Residual displacement response spectrum.” J. Struct. Eng., 523–530.
Kawashima, K., and Nagai, M. (2002). “Development of a reinforced concrete pier with a rubber layer in the plastic hinge region.” Structural and Earthquake Engineering, Proc., JSCE, 703/I-59, 113–128.
Kawashima, K., and Watanabe, G. (2006). “Seismic performance of unbonded columns and isolator built in columns based on cyclic loading tests.” Proc., IABMAS, International Association for Bridge Maintenance and Safety (IABMAS), Univ. of Minho Azurem, Guimaraes, Portugal.
Li, V. C. (1998). “Engineered cementitious composites; Tailored composites through micromechanical modeling.” Fiber reinforced concrete: Present and the future, N. Banthia, A. Bentur, and A. Mufti, eds., Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, 64–97.
Mander, J. B., and Chen, C. T. (1997). “Seismic design of bridge piers based on damage avoidance design.” Rep. No. NCEER-97-0014, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY.
Mazzoni, S., McKenna, F., Scott, M. H., and Fenves, G. L. (2007). “Open system for earthquake engineering simulation.” OpenSees command language manual, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, CA.
Motaref, S., Saiidi, M., and Sanders, D. (2011). “Seismic response of precast bridge columns with energy dissipating joints.” Rep. No. CCEER-11-01, Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV.
Priestley, M. J. N., and MacRae, G. A. (1996). “Seismic tests of precast beam-to column joint subassemblages with unbonded tendons.” PCI J., 41(1), 64–80.
Saiidi, M., O'Brien, M., and Zadeh, M. (2009). “Cyclic response of concrete bridge columns using superelastic nitinol and bendable concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 106(1), 69–77.
Saiidi, M., Sureshkumar, K., and Pulido, C. (2005). “Simple carbon-fiber-reinforced-plastic-confined concrete model for moment-curvature analysis.” J. Compos. Constr., 101–104.
Sakai, J., and Mahin, S. (2004). “Analytical investigations of new methods for reducing residual displacements of reinforced concrete bridge columns.” PEER Rep. 2004/02, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Yamashita, R., and Sanders, D. (2009). “Seismic performance of precast unbonded prestressed concrete columns.” ACI Struct. J., 106(6), 821–830.
Yu, T., Wong, Y. L., Teng, J. G., Dong, S. L., and Lam, E. S. S. (2006). “Flexural behavior of hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular members.” J. Compos. Constr., 443–452.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 19 • Issue 2 • February 2014
Pages: 186 - 199
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 13, 2012
Accepted: May 29, 2013
Published online: Jun 1, 2013
Published in print: Feb 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.