Bearing and Shear Failure of Pipe-Pin Hinges Subjected to Earthquakes
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 3
Abstract
Pipe-pin rotational two-way column hinges were developed by bridge designers at the California Department of Transportation. An extensive experimental and analytical study was undertaken to understand the behavior of pipe-pin hinges and develop design guidelines. As part of the study, six 1:3.5 scale push-off tests were carried out to assess the bearing capacity of the concrete against the pipe. The tests showed that the bearing strength of concrete is as high as twice the concrete compressive strength because of the confining effect of the concrete and reinforcement. In addition, to determine the shear capacity of the concrete-filled steel pipe, six concrete-filled pipe specimens were tested in pure shear, and an empirical design equation was developed to assess their shear strength. In the analytical studies, ABAQUS finite-element (FE) package was used to perform a series of detailed nonlinear analyses. The results showed that the FE models accurately simulated the behavior of the push-off specimens and the observed modes of failure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The study presented in this paper was funded by Caltrans contract No. UNSPECIFIED59A0491. The writers are grateful for the support and assistance from Dr. Saad El-Azazy, the Caltrans project manager. Also assistance from Sarira Motaref, Austin Brown, Patrick Laplace, and Paul Lucas during the construction and testing is appreciated.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2005). “Building code requirements for structural concrete.” ACI 318-05, American Concrete Institute, Detroit.
Babu, R. R., Benipal, G. S., and Singh, A. K. (2005). “Constitutive modeling of concrete: An overview.” Asian J. Civil Eng. (Build. Hous.), 6(4), 211–246.
Baltay, P., and Gjelsvik, A. (1990). “Coefficient of friction for steel on concrete at high normal stress.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2(1), 46–49.
Budek, A. M., Priestly M. J. N., and Benzoni G. (2000). “Inelastic seismic response of bridge drilled-shaft RC pile/columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 126(44), 510–517.
California Department of Transportation. (2008). Memos to Designers (MTD), California Division of Engineering Services, Sacramento, CA.
Cheng, Z., Saiidi, M., and Sanders, D. (2006). “Development of a seismic design method for reinforced concrete two-way bridge column hinges.” Rep. No. CCEER-06-01, Center for Civil Eng. Earthquake Research, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV.
Choo, Y. S., Quah, C. K., Shanmugam, N. E., and Liew, J. Y. R. (2002). “Static strength of plate trunnions subjected to shear loads. Part I: Experimental study.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 58(2), 301–318.
Dei Poli, S., Di Prisco, M., and Gambarova, P. G. (1992). “Shear response, deformations, and subgrade stiffness of a dowel bar embedded in concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 89(6), 665–675.
Doyle, K., and Saiidi, M. (2008). “Seismic response of telescopic pipe pin connections.” Rep. No. CCEER-08-01, Center for Civil Eng. Earthquake Research, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV.
Escobar-Sandoval, E. D., Whittaker, A. S., and Dargush, G. F. (2006). “Concentrically loaded circular steel plates bearing on plane concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(11), 1784–1792.
Frosch, R. J. (1999). “Shear transfer between concrete elements using steel pipe connection.” ACI Struct. J., 96(6), 1003–1008.
Fukumoto, T., and Marita, K. (2005). “Elastoplastic behavior of panel zone in steel beam-to-concrete filled steel tube column moment connection.” J. Struct. Eng., 131(12), 1841–1853.
Hibbit, Karlsson, and Sorensen, Inc. (2007). “ABAQUS/explicit user’s manual.” Version 6.7, Vols. I and II, Pawtucket, RI.
Keever, M. D., Chung, P., Holden, T., and Kouchesfahani, K. (2006). Innovative solution to seismic design challenges on the Mococo overhead project, Technical Memorandum of Public Works Research Institute, 4009, 257–269.
Lam D., and El-Lobody E. (2005). “Behavior of headed stud shear connectors in composite beam.” Struct. Eng., 131(11), 96–107.
Marcus, H. (1951). “Load carrying capacity of dowels at transverse pavement joints.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 23(2), 169–184.
Popovics, S. (1973). “A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain curve of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 3(5), 583–599.
Rabbat, B. G., and Russell, H. G. (1985). “Friction coefficient of steel on concrete or grout.” J. Struct. Eng., 111(3), 505–515.
Restrepo, J. I., and Panagiotou, M. (2005). BART aerial guideway shear key tests, Dept. of Struct. Eng., Univ. of California, San Diego.
Roberts J. E. (2005). “Caltrans structural control for bridges in high-seismic zones.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(4), 449–470.
Roesler, J., Paulino, G. H., Park, K., and Gaedicke, C. (2005). “Concrete fracture prediction using bilinear softening.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 34(4), 449–470.
Sakino, K., and Sun, Y. (1994). “Stress-strain curve of concrete confined by rectilinear hoop.” J. Struct. Eng., 461, 95–104.
Soroushian, P., Obaseki, K., Baiyasi, M. I., El-Sweidan, B. and Choi, K. (1988). “Inelastic cyclic behavior of dowel bars.” Am. Concr. Inst., SP, 85(1), 23–29.
Vintzeleou, E. N., and Tassios, T. P. (1987). “Behavior of dowel under cyclic deformations.” ACI Struct. J., 84(3), 18–30.
Vintzeleou, E. N., and Tassios, T. P. (1990). “Eccentric dowels loaded against core of concrete sections.” J. Struct. Eng., 116(10), 2621–2633.
Zaghi, A., and Saiidi, M. (2008). “Mechanism of shear force transfer in RC columns with pipe pins.” Proc., 10th Pan Am. Cong. of Applied Mech., PACAM X, Cancun, Mexico, 243–246.
Zaghi, A., and Saiidi, M. (2010). “Seismic design of pipe-pin connection in concrete bridges.” Rep. No. CCEER-10-01, Center for Civil Engr. Earthquake Res., Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 16 • Issue 3 • May 2011
Pages: 340 - 350
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 25, 2010
Accepted: Jul 22, 2010
Published online: Aug 13, 2010
Published in print: May 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.