Unsteady Supersonic Flows Past Two-Body Configurations with Different Separation Distances
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 1
Abstract
Three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to investigate supersonic flow over capsule/canopy two-body configurations at a freestream Mach number of 2.0 and a freestream unit Reynolds number of . Four cases representing different flow modes with varying distances from the forebody (capsule) to the afterbody (canopy) are carried out with detached eddy simulations. The flow evolutions and aerodynamic properties of the configurations are investigated. The pressure fluctuations on the inner surface of the afterbody show a strong correlation with the position of critical shear layers (containing high turbulence kinetic energy) in the wake of the forebody. A large pressure fluctuation is observed when the shear layer acts on the inner surface and vice versa. The drag of the afterbody mainly contributed by the pressure forces first decreases and then increases as the distance between the two bodies is increased. In addition, by analyzing the lateral force of the afterbody, it is found that the proximity of the bodies only has a weak effect on the lateral stability performance.
Practical Applications
The present study can provide suggestions for the design of supersonic parachutes. By investigating the flow evolution of four cases with varied proximity of the capsule/canopy two-body configurations (), it is found that only a configuration with a large enough (Case D in the present study) can sustain a bow shock of the canopy, leading to a more stable flow dynamic in comparison with the other three cases. Besides, Case D also features good aerodynamic performance, as the case sustaining a bow shock can provide a large magnitude of inner-surface pressure of the canopy due to the subsisting upward step of pressure (The step occurs when fluids cross shocks). Thus, a well-design supersonic parachute should be characterized by a large enough . Additionally, in Case D, there is a conical shear layer generated when the wakes of the capsule cross the bow shock of the canopy. The shear layer contains high turbulent kinetic energy, and a large pressure fluctuation is observed when the shear layer acts on the inner surface and vice versa. Therefore, “avoiding the shear layer acting on the inner surface of the canopy” may also be a useful suggestion for designs of supersonic parachutes.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was substantially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12072377 and 11702332) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2022JJ30678). This work was also partly supported by the Laboratory of Aerospace Entry, Descent and Landing Technology (Grant No. EDL19092126).
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Published In
Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 36 • Issue 1 • January 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 29, 2021
Accepted: Aug 11, 2022
Published online: Oct 7, 2022
Published in print: Jan 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Mar 7, 2023
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