Experimental Study on Effect of Wavelength and Amplitude of Wavy Ground on a NACA 0012 Airfoil
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 5
Abstract
The effect of wavelength and amplitude of a sinusoidal wavy ground on the aerodynamics and flowfield of a NACA 0012 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers was investigated experimentally. The results show that, regardless of wave length and amplitude, the periodic variation in the sectional lift and pitching moment persisted, and that the smaller wavy ground distance the larger lift and pitching moment became. The pitching moment also had an opposite trend to the lift. The maximum and minimum lift always occurred at wave peak and valley, respectively. The maximum and minimum lift and pitching moment increased drastically with increasing wave amplitude while depended weakly on the wave length. However, the change in the drag force over the wavy ground was found to be nonmonotonic.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.
References
Ahmed, M. R., T. Takasaki, and Y. Kohama. 2007. “Aerodynamics of a NACA 4412 airfoil in ground effect.” AIAA J. 45 (1): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.23872.
Ando, S., T. Sakai, and K. Nitta. 1992. “Analysis of motion of airfoil flying over wavy-wall surface.” Jpn. Soc. Aeronaut. Space Sci. Trans. 35 (107): 27–38.
Ghadimi, P., A. B. Rostami, and F. Jafarkazemi. 2012. “Aerodynamic analysis of the boundary layer region of symmetric airfoils at ground proximity.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 17 (1): 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2011.02.008.
He, W., Y. Guan, V. Theofilis, and L. K. B. Li. 2019. “Stability of low-Reynolds-number separated flow around an airfoil near a wavy ground.” AIAA J. 57 (1): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J057544.
He, W., P. Yu, and L. Li. 2018. “Ground effects on the stability of separated flow around a NACA 4415 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 72: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.10.039.
Hsiun, C. M., and C. K. Chen. 1996. “Aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil with ground effect.” J. Aircr. 33 (2): 386–392. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46949.
Im, Y. H., and K. S. Chang. 2000. “Unsteady aerodynamics of a wing-in-ground-effect airfoil flying over a wavy wall.” J. Aircr. 37 (4): 690–696. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2653.
Lee, T., A. Majeed, B. Siddiqui, and V. Tremblay-Dionne. 2018. “Impact of ground proximity on the aerodynamic properties of an unsteady airfoil.” Proc. IMechE Part G: J. Aerosp. Eng. 232 (10): 1814–1830.
Lee, T., and V. Tremblay-Dionne. 2018. “Experimental investigation of the aerodynamics and flowfield of a NACA 0015 airfoil over a wavy ground.” J. Fluids Eng. 140 (7): 1–10.
Luo, S. C., and Y. S. Chen. 2012. “Ground effect on flow past a wing with a NACA 0015 cross-section.” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 40: 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.01.014.
Matveev, K. I. 2015. “Heave and pitch motions of wing-in-ground craft flying above wavy surface.” Front. Aerosp. Eng. 4 (2): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.12783/fae.2015.0402.01.
Mayo, N. 1997. “Ocean waves—Their energy and power.” Phys. Teach. 35 (6): 352–356. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2344718.
Morishita, E., and K. Ashihara. 1995. “Ground effect calculation of a two-dimensional airfoil over a wavy surface.” Jpn. Soc. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 38: 77–90.
Qin, Y., P. Liu, Q. Qu, and H. Guo. 2016. “Numerical study of aerodynamic forces and flow physics of a delta wing in dynamic ground effect.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 51: 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.02.007.
Qu, Q., X. Jia, W. Wang, P. Liu, and P. K. Agarwal. 2014. “Numerical study of the aerodynamics of a NACA 4412 airfoil in dynamic ground effect.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 38: 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2014.07.016.
Roberts, L. S., M. V. Finnis, and K. Knowles. 2016. “Characteristics of boundary-layer transition and Reynolds-number sensitivity of three-dimensional wings of varying complexity operating in ground effect.” J. Fluids Eng. 138 (9): 091106. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4033299.
Rozhdestvensky, K. V. 2006. “Wing-in-ground effect vehicles.” Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 42 (3): 211–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2006.10.001.
Tomaru, H., and Y. Kohama. 1990. “Experiments on wing in ground effect with fixed ground plates.” In Proc., 2nd JSME-KSME Fluids Engineering Conf., 370–373. Tokyo: Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 13, 2018
Accepted: Mar 18, 2019
Published online: May 31, 2019
Published in print: Sep 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Oct 31, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.